(Vestsi Natsiyanalnai Akademii Navuk Belarusi)
SERIES OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Published by The Belaruskaya Navuka Publishing House, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (Vestsi Natsiyanalnai Akademii Navuk Belarusi) SERIES OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Published by The Belaruskaya Navuka Publishing House, Minsk, Republic of Belarus |
Summary: This study provides a comparative analysis of intranuclear lipid location in separate compartments of interphase cell nuclei isolated from the leaves and callus tissues of control and transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants. It is shown that the ipt-gene affects the lipid composition of cell nuclei and their compartments.
Antonyuk E. D., Torchik V. I.
Introduction of representatives of the genus Taxus into Belarus and perspectives of their application. pp. 11--16
Summary: The authors describe fruits and seeds of yew-trees introduced into the territory of the Central Botanical Garden. Seed and vegetative yew-tree reproduction means are examined. The present work shows the perspectives of yew-tree application in medicine and garden & park development.
Morozov O. V.
Main biological and morphological characteristics and properties of cranberry x bog bilberry hybrid F1 (Vaccinium uliginosum L. x Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.). pp. 17--23
Summary: Biological and morphological analysis of the V. uliginosum x V. vitis-idaea allotetraploid F1 demonstrates that this hybrid is characterized by deepened radication, spatially structural step-type behavior of life-form, vigorous regeneration of the above-ground vegetative organs, good growth and habit of bushes, defoliation, and fertility. The established facts confirm that the produced hybrid shows promise for selection.
Telyuk N. A.
Variation in plant leaf thickness and water content as manifestation of higher plant potential for adaptation. pp. 24--31
Summary: Plant leaf thickness and water content undergo great fluctuations. Being governed by abiotic factors and leaf morphological structure properties, the changes of these parameters are interrelated. Relation between two water volumes, one of which is connected with turgor changes and the other is unconnected, is a dynamic value. This relation depends on the conditions of plant supply with water during ontogenesis.
Aderikho V. S., Sarnatski V. V., Puchilo A. V.
Influence of soil and climatic factors on forest phytocenosis formation at Novogrudok Plateau due to multiple drought cases at spruce forests. pp. 32--36
Summary: Novogrudok Plateau forest phytocenosis productivity and tolerance with respect to climate extremes (drought) depend on the following factors: precipitation amount, air temperature and the temperature in the root-inhabited soil layer (0--40 cm) during previous and current growing seasons.
Grumo D. G., Zeliankievich N. A.
Forest floor properties in the area affected by industrial emissions discharged by "Khimvolokno" Plant. pp. 37--41
Summary: The article investigates the properties of Pinetum pleuroztosum forest floor within the area affected by chemical plant emissions. It is revealed that acidity drops, toxic metal accumulation increases and forest floor stock decreases upon the approach to the pollution source. The forest floor serves as an efficient and perspective indicator for diagnosing anthropogenic pollution in wood ecosystems.
Bychkov A. V., Putiersky I. N.
Survival of planting material depending on the day and night time at the moment of propagation of woody plants by leafy cuttings. pp. 42--49.
Goncharenko G. G.
Gene classification and phytogeny of the spruce species of the genus Picea occurring in the Palaearctic. pp. 50--57
Summary: Thirty eight natural populations of six genus Picea spruce species occurring in the Central Palaearctic were investigated by gel electrophoresis with the help of 25 allozymic loci. Nei's distance coefficient (DN) was used to estimate the level of genetic differentiation among these spruce species. It is established that P. abies and P. obovata species are phylogenetically more closely related than other species. P. abies and P. obovata are recently evolved species since they separated from one another during the glacial period. It is shown that the progenitor forms of P. glehnii and P. ajanensis phylogenetically separated from the <abies-obovata branch at an early developmental stage. P. orientalis and P. schrenkiana constitute a phylogenetic branch separated from the other representatives of genus Picea at an early stage of evolution of spruces occurring in the Central Palaearctic. On the basis of the obtained genetic data it is possible to conclude that the existing classification schemes of genus Picea do not fully reflect evolutionary and phylogenetic relation between six spruce species of the Central Palaearctic.
Kaminskaya L. N., Koren L. V., Khotyleva L. V.
The influence of D/R substitutions on the Vrn-Al gene expression and winter-hardiness of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines. pp. 58--61
Summary: A spring type of cv. Thatcher wheat lines with D/R substitutions is defined by the Vrn-Al gene. To a great extent, the phenotypic expression of this gene is modified by the availability of rye chromosomes R; it depends on their dose as well as on the specificity of wheat and rye genome interaction. Winter-hardiness of studied species of spring wheat, triticale and rye hinges on environmental conditions, availability of rye chromosomes R, their specificity and the effects of R chromosomes and genetic background interaction.
Ermishina N. M., Kremenevskaya E. M., Gukasyan O. N., Gordei I. A.
Novel approach to the selection of winter hexaploid triticale and secalotriticum genotypes with a view to obtain hybrid combinations with high andro-genetic potential. pp. 62--65
Summary: This study presents the results of combining ability analysis of androgenesis characters observed in triticale and secalo-triticum anther cultures (polytester design 6x3, plus parental forms). It is revealed that nonadditive effects prevail in genetic control of the analysed characters. Nevertheless, the highest mean values of androgenesis characters are shown by hybrid combinations of genotypes with high GCA and combinations with positive effects of SCA. The program of combining ability analysis in triticale and secalotriticum is proposed to determine the best hybrid combinations according to androgenetic ability. This programme takes into consideration both additive and nonadditive effects.
Pundik A. N., Gapeeva T. A., Antipova T. V., Tretyakova T. G., Volotovsky I. D.
Selection of PCR-primers for PCR-amplification of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia PI-PLC gene fragments. pp. 66--69
Summary: The degenerated PCR-primers have been designed to obtain plant PI-PLC gene fragments. The possibilities of PCR-amplification of <Nicotiana plumbaginifolia PI-PLC gene fragments have been studied using the above primers and non-degenerative primers for Nicotiana tabacum PI-PLC genes.
Yaronskaya E. Â., Vershilovskaya I. V., Averina N. G.
Content of zeatin and its derivatives in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings with increased 5-aminolevulinic acid level. pp. 70--73
Summary: Incubation of the barley seedlings with roots in levulinic acid solution in the light resulted in the excessive accumulation of 5-aminolevulinic acid in leaves and inhibition of the plant growth. The analysis of zeatin and its derivatives showed a threefold increase of cytokinin level in leaves and unchanged phytohormone content in roots of these seedlings compared with control.
Sapunova L. I., Kazakevich I. O., Lobanok A. G.
Purification of xylose/glucose isomerase of Arthrobacter species bacteria. pp. 74--78
Summary: A simple scheme of producing highly purified cell-bound xylose/glucose isomerase of Arthrobacter species envisaging enzyme extraction from bacterial cell homogenate, thermal and Mn-treatment of cell-free extracts, fractionation with ammonium sulphate and gel-filtration on column with Toyopearl HW-55 has been developed. Homogeneity of the obtained xylose/glucose isomerase preparation was supported electrophoretically.
Scherba V. V., Babitskaya V. G., Rozhkova Z. A, Puchkova T. A., Filimonova T. V.
Carbohydrates of submerged fungus mycelia of the genus Lentinus. pp. 79--82
Summary: It is established that the total carbohydrate content in submerged mycelia of Lentinus genus fungi reaches 41—42%. Free saccharides of cytoplasm make 5.2--6.5%, structurally functional polysaccharides amount to 4.5--5.8%, structural ones come to 27--31%, chitin is 1.4--2.2%. Structural polysaccharides comprise byhetero- and homoglucans with b-and a-glycoside bonding.
Feklistova I. N., Maximova N. P.
Regulation of the activity of the initial aromatic pathway enzymes in Agrobacterium tumefaciens 2592 bacteria. pp. 83--87
Summary: We have investigated the effect of metal ions on the activity of DAHP-synthase, PEP-synthase and transaldolase, which are initial aromatic pathway enzymes. We have also determined optimum conditions (temperature, pH and substrate concentration) for enumerated enzymatic reactions in Agrobacterium tumefaciens 2592. It is established that Co2+ ions (1 mM) are necessary for DAHP-synthase activity. The influence of other ions diminishes along Co2+ > Mg2+ > Li+ > Na+ row (activity is not affected), while K+ and Mn2+ ions inhibit enzymatic activity. The peak of PEP-synthase activity is registered in the presence of Mg2+ ions (12 mM) which increase enzymatic activity 2,8-fold. The action of Li+, Mn2+ and Co2+ ions is weaker; Na+ and K+ ions inhibit PEP-synthase. Transaldolase activity is not regulated by metal ions.
Sokolik G. A., Ovsiannikova S. V., Rubinchik S. Ya.
Distribution of 137Cs in the solid phase-pore solution system and its mobility in soil. pp. 88--91
Summary: Organic and mineral soils with different sorption complex structures have been differentiated according to 137Cs mobility. The radionuclide distribution coefficient in the "solid phase-pore solution" system has been used to measure 137Cs mobility in the soil medium. It was shown that 137Cs migration ability depended mainly on the content of illite-type clay minerals and the concentration of chemical analogs of cesium (potassium, ammonium) in the solution. An organic matter of soil influences significantly ionic strength and acidity of the soil solution; it also determines radionuclide distribution in the "solid phase-pore solution" system and 137Cs mobility in the soil.
Tereshkin A. M.
Review of Ichneumon flies of the genus Aopus (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ichneumo-ninae) in Belarus. pp. 92--98
Summary: Faunistic, taxonomic and ecological data (abundance, seasonal dynamics, biotopical distribution, hibernation) are provided for 12 Aoplus species found in Belarus (Aopluspersonatus (Grav.), A. lugubris (Berth.), A. ochropis (Gmel.), A. castaneus (Grav.), A. ruficeps (Grav.),A. mustela (Kriehb.), A. pulchricornis (Grav.), A. praestigator (Wesm.), A. torpidus (Wesm.), A. defraudator (Wesm.), A. altercator (Wesm.), A. sphinx (Heinr.). Four of them, namely Aoplus castaneus (Grav.), A. mustela (Kriehb.), A. praestigator (Wesm.), A. torpidus (Wesm.), were found overwintered as adult females. Seasonal dynamics of Aoplus personatus (Grav.), A. ruficeps (Grav.) and A. lugubris (Berth.) indicates low probability of their hibernation as adults. Aoplus species can be found in maximal amounts in the forest biogeocenosis (12 species and 72&37 of total number), primarily, in pine and spruce forests. Original drawings of the total female Aoplus personatus (Grav.) and its parts of body are given.
Kulak A. V.
The geometrid moth species of the subfamily Sterrhinae (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) which are new and little-known to Belarus. pp. 99--102
Summary: Five new geometrid moth species are reported to be found in Belarus: Idaea fuscovenosa (Gze), Scopula caricaria (Reutti), S. vir-gulata (Den. & Schiff.), Cyclophora quercimontaria (Bastlb.) and C. linearia (Hb.). Eight rare species of the subfamily Sterrhinae are discovered in Belarus: I. ochrata (Sc.), I. moniliata (Den. & Scruff), I. pallidata (Den. & Schiff.), I. straminata (Brkh.), I. deversaria (H.-S.), S. corrivalaria (Kretschmar), S. flaccidaria (Z.) and C. annularia (F.). The main peculiarities as regards to their biology and distribution in Belarus are noted. Only 38 geometrid moth species of the subfamily Sterrhinae are registered in Belarus.
Summary: The paper presents a brief survey of literature information concerning the application of biochemical and DNA-markers in applied genetics and breeding with a view to estimate genetic diversity of cultivated plants, identify genotypes, study nature and mapping of qualitative and quantitative loci, select the most genetically removed parental forms, and predict productivity and production of heterosis hybrids F1.
Dudaladava V. A.
Antimutagenesis and heat shock proteins. pp. 108--112
Summary: The paper reviews the literature data on antimutagenesis problems in view of functioning protective systems of organism. A universal protective system of heat shock proteins against extreme environmental impacts is considered in detail. Their properties as molecular chaperones are analyzed. Exogenous antimutagens are assumed to influence the activity of the protective system. Mechanisms of antimutagenic effect of some 1,4-digydropyridine derivatives as inducers and modulators of protective systems and reactions of organism and their possible impact on heat shock proteins are considered.
Summary: At cheese-making plants of Piyjan, Bereza and Kamenets 57 bacteriophages of lactococcus were detected and characterized according to basic properties. 12 phage groups were created to select cultures to be included into ferment combinations for hard rennet cheeses. Identical bacteriophages were excluded.
Zubei A. U.
Marketable fish species of Zamok ancient settlement at Drysvyaty lake (according to archeo-ichtyological investigations). pp. 117--118
Summary: On the basis of osteological material the author provides dimension-age characteristics of 13 marketable fish species found in the cultural layer of Zamok ancient settlement (XV--XVII cc.). It is established that main marketable fish species for ancient settlement inhabitants were perch, pike and bream. The author gives dimensions of 4 species, age of 11 species and possible percentage structure of fish species caught by ancient settlement inhabitants.
Rykovskii G.F., Yakushev B.I.
Victor Ivanovich Parfenov (To the 70th Anniversary of his Birthday). pp. 120--122
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Sophia Aleksandrovna Dmitrieva (For her Jubilee). pp. 123--124
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