(Vestsi Natsiyanalnai Akademii Navuk Belarusi)
SERIES OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Published by The Belaruskaya Navuka Publishing House, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (Vestsi Natsiyanalnai Akademii Navuk Belarusi) SERIES OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Published by The Belaruskaya Navuka Publishing House, Minsk, Republic of Belarus |
Summary: Galega orientalis Lam. polymorphism was investigated with respect to phenological characteristics. The paper defined the following chronotypes of Galega orientalis: the earliest, early, medium, late and the latest. The totals of active and effective daily average temperatures, which were vital for phenophase changing, were obtained for each chronotype.
Manzhelesova N. E., Volynets A. P.
The attracting activity of natural nonhormonal phytoregulators. pp. 10--12
Summary: The attracting capacity of endogenic physiologically active substances was studied. It was shown that vanillic acid, biotin and nicotinic acid exhibited pronounced attracting activity by increasing barley ear and grain weight. In addition, vitamins and phenolcarboxylic acids demonstrated regeneration activity. That raises an opportunity of their applying in order to increase grain ovary and biomass.
Alexeichuk G. N.
The physiological properties of seed transition from the poikilohydrous to the homeohydrous period of germination. pp. 13--18
Summary: This paper discusses the physiological properties and possible mechanisms of plant organism transition from the poikilohydrous to the homeohydrous period of individual development. Carried out in orthodox seeds, this transition precedes radicle germination. It is shown that seed reaction on presowing treatment depends on the tolerance of germinating seeds to desiccation.
Sarnatski V. V.
Spectral-energy characteristics of the light mode of a meadow biotope. pp. 19--24
Summary: This study has revealed spectral-energy parameters of solar energy which is incident on and reflected by plant cover and soil surface under various meteorological conditions. The amount of energy consumed for plant cover and soil heating, photosynthesis, evaporation and transpiration constitutes 46--47% of the energy incident on plant cover.
Kruk A. V., Goncharenko G. G., Kilchevsky A. V.
Radionuclide accumulation peculiarities demonstrated by vegetable varieties. pp. 25--29
Summary: This study focused on ecological and genetic aspects of radionuclide accumulation demonstrated by a number of vegetable varieties. The researches resulted in determining the cabbage varieties which were characterised by the minimal level of radionuclide accumulation. It was shown that the above varieties manifested the relation between radionuclide accumulation and morphobiological characteristics such as vegetation period duration and yield criteria. The study specified the genotypes with high ecological stability as regards to radionuclide accumulation: 'Beloruskaya 85' cabbage and 'Dokhodny' tomato showed the best response to 137Cs, while 'Beloruskaya 85', 'Rusinovka', 'Amager 611' cabbage varieties and 'Sprint' tomato showed the minimal level of 90Sr accumulation.
Nalobova V. L.
Species composition and ecology peculiarities of fungi -- cucumber disease agents. pp. 30--34
Summary: The author on the results of identification of cucumber disease agent in Belarus. The study describes morphological, cultural and biological characteristics of the following fungi: Ciadosporium cucumerinum Ell. et Arth., Erysiphe cichoracearum D. C., Sphaerotheca fuliginea Poll., Ulocladiurn consortiale (Thum.) Simmons, Pseudoperonospora cubinsis (Berk, et Curt.) Rostovz.
Lapa V. V., Bosak V. N.
Mineral nutrition effect on cereals photosynthetic activity. pp. 35--39
Summary: Field studies of the mineral nutrition effect on the photosynthetic activity of winter rye, spring wheat and oats young crops demonstrated that the application of organic and mineral fertilizers considerably stimulated this activity on soddy podzolic and sandy loam soils. Nitrogen fertilizers had the biggest impact on the dynamics of leaf surface growing, biomass growth, photosynthetic potential and absolute photosynthetic productivity. The optimum area of leaf surface at the stage of maximum plant development was equal to 37000 m2/ha for winter rye (last leaf -- ear formation), 40000--50000 m2/ha for spring wheat (two nodes -- ear formation), 50000--55000 m2/ha for oats (two nodes -- ear formation) under the photosynthetic potential of 0.46, 0.86 and 1.00 million m2per day/ha respectively.
Sozinov O. V., Kuzmicheva N. A.
Coenotic populations of Bistorta major S. F. Gray within Neman geobotanical region. pp. 40--45
Summary: The complex analysis of Bistorta major S. F. Gray coenotic populations within Grodno area demonstrated that the phy-tocoenotic environment had the greatest effect on ecological-coenotical and phytochemical parameters. Coenotic populations with the maximal content of tannins (24.4--24.7%) were found.
Yukhnevich G. G.
Infuence of complex microfertilizers on soil micromycete community formation. pp. 46--52
Summary: The paper defines the peculiarities of composition and structure of microscopic fungus complexes in the cultured soddy podzolic sandy loam soil of Western Belarus region. The detailed researches are conducted to elucidate the process of fungus community formation in soils with a different level of complex microfertilizer insertion (B, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Mo). It is established that depending on a microelement doze the soil fungus communities differ in their species composition and structure, while the quantity and biomorphological structure of fungus biomass vary. The paper indicates complex microfertilizer doze tolerance harmless for micromycete community of cultured soddy podzolic sandy loam soil.
Palilova A. N., Pyko V. I., Pavlyuchuk N. V., Akhramenko A. D.
Deletions in chloroplast genome of Solanum tuberosum potato clones with complex resistance to X- and L-viruses. pp. 53--56
Summary: The article presents the data on the primary structures of chloroplast DNA in potato clones of common origin but different in resistance to X- and L-viruses. Deficiencies of certain fragments in chloroplast DNA are revealed under the influence of restrictases Bam H I and Hind III on chloroplast DNA. That assumes the existence of deletions in the plant chloroplast genome of these clones. The problem of chloroplast genome involvement in mechanisms of defensive reactions against viral infection is discussed.
Glushkova I. V., Anoshenko I. P., Malei L. P., Pechkovskaya A. V.
Genetic consequences of the combined effect of ionizing radiation and copper vitriol on experimental Drosophila melanogaster populations. pp. 57--60
Summary: The paper studies the influence of the combined effect of g-irradiation (15 Gy/generation) and copper vitriol (1 mM concentration) on experimental Dr. melanogaster population with the help of the tests of morphogenetic variability and dominant lethal mutations (DLM). The frequency of morphogenetically changed phenotypes increased under the influence of mutagenic factors of diverse origin and their spectrum was practically unchanged. The DLM test has shown that irradiation and the combined effect of chemical and physical factors exerted a damaging effect, while Cu salt acted as sensitizer considerably intensifying radiation effect.
Titok M. A., Lagodich A. V.
Characterization of REP-fragments of Bacillus subtilis plasmids. pp. 61--65
Summary: We have searched for plasmids in a collection of 11 B. subtilis strains isolated from various natural sources at the territory of Belarus. Cloned plasmid replicons were used as probes for blot-hybridization with original natural extrachromosomal elements, and also with a number of typical plasmids of Grampositive bacteria. The results suggest that all investigated small plasmids belong to the pC194 family. Large extrachromosomal elements are homologous to each other, but have no homology with known plasmids of Grampositive bacteria, and therefore are a new class of large (>90 kb) extrachromosomal genetic elements among B. subtilis natural strains.
Kasinskaya S. I., Mikhailova M. E., Tikhanovich N. I.
Effect of ionizing radiation and melanin on the genetic structure of Drosophila population at Adh-locus. pp. 66--68
Summary: A resistant polymorphism state associated, on the one hand, with the highest viability of heterozygous flies and, on the other hand, with adaptation polymorphism caused by adaptation of different genotypes to irradiation conditions and melanin influence was observed in experimental drosophila populations carrying ebony mutation.
Ivanova E. A. Vafina G. Kh., Troshina N. B.
Physiological-biochemical analysis of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) smut (Ustilago) pathogenesis at the early infection stages. pp. 69--73
Summary: The paper evaluated the overall antioxidant activity of peroxidase system in the supramolecular fractions of mesocotyle, coleoptile, initial leaf, and root system. The evaluation was done in strict accordance with physiological properties of the development of wheat seedlings, both healthy and affected with smut (Ustilago). The study encompassed the following developmental stages: from air-dry germs (Oh), through their germination (24h) and coleoptile growth (48h >120h), and, finally, to the outbreak of the first leaf from coleoptile (144h). Each organ was characterised by the specific nature of redox reactions of the peroxidase system, the activity boost of which occurred during the formation of the stem and root parts of the plant (96h). Comparing the peroxidase system's antioxidant activity in specific organs of healthy and disease-affected wheat seedlings, one could assume the existence of differences in root activity of mitochondria in the process of germination and at the beginning of the first leaf growth.
Molchan O. V., Kolesneva E. V., Sokolik A. I., Volotovsky I. D.
The effect of CuSO4 on the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration in Arabidopsis seedlings. pp. 74--78
Summary: The authors tested the CuSO4 effect on the cytosolic free calcium concentration (|Ca2+|cyt) in Arabidopsis seedlings. It was observed that CuSO4 was able to increase |Ca2+|cyt and that the intracellular calcium source might be also involved. To investigate whether the vacuole was involved, the effect of CuSO4 on the cytosolic free calcium concentration around the vacuolar membrane was detected. LiCl2 or neomycin, which interfered with phosphoinositide cycling, suppressed the effect of CuSO4.
Yaronskaya E. Â., Vershilovskaya I. V., Averina N. G.
Cytokinin effect on the tetrapyrrole biosynthesis heme branch activity in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings. pp. 79--82
Summary: It was shown that cytokinins did not affect the key steps of the biosynthesis of hemc porphyrins, namely, the synthesis of 5-aminolcvulinic acid, the activity of Fe-chelatase and the level of the end product of the branch -- heme.
Abramchik L. M., Serdyuchenko E. V., Kabashnikova L. F.
Raised temperature impact on the PS2 functional activity of photosynthetic apparatus of a greening barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare L.). pp. 83--86
Summary: A study was conducted to investigate the PS2 functional activity, with respect to Chl a fluorescence parameters, in etiolated virescent barley seedlings adapted to periodical heat shock. At tile early stages of turning green the following effects were revealed: the increase in the basic fluorescence level, the suppression of the quantum yield of the PS2 photochemical reactions, the drop in the capacity to photochemically quench excitement energy in the reaction centre of photosystem 2 (RC PS2). All that confirmed PS2 inactivation.
Scherba V. V., Osadchaya O. V., Truchonovec V. V.
The governing laws of growth and fructification of Oyster mushroom liquid spawn on vegetative substrata. pp. 87--89
Summary: The use of liquid spawn to the amount of 5--10% of substratum mass has made 11.6--21.7% yield of fruit mallei. This yield was practically identical to the one which was produced when grain spawn was used. Apart from that, liquid spawn cultivation period was equal to 7 days as compared to 14 days of grain spawn cultivation.
Kolbanova E. V., Kukharchik N. V., Barai V. N., Zinchenko A. I.
Elimination of raspberry ring spot virus from black current shoots by virazole. pp. 90--93
Summary: Chemotherapy using virazole in various concentrations (10--100 mg/1) was applied to eliminate raspberry ring spot virus (RRV) from in vitro multiplicated micro-shoots of black current. The effect of chemotherapy varied and depended on the concentration of virazole in the multiplication medium. Generally, the higher the concentration of virazole used the lower number of shoots survived. All shoots treated with 100 mg/1 virazole died. The treatment with virazole in 20 mg/ml concentration for 30--40 days resulted in 41.2--71.4% of healthy plants, with a slight phytotoxicity in a few cases. The sanitation efficiency of black current rose if virazole was applied in two recurrent cultivations of micro-shoots with virazole.
Malenchenko A. F., Rusak N. I.
The morphological changes in rat thyroid tissue under the effect of radioactive uranium. pp. 94--98
Summary: The paper reveals destructive-inflammatory changes occurring in thyroid gland under uranium intoxication. The chronic uranium intoxication induces the development of local inflammatory proliferative changes paralleled by the formation of solid and non-differentiated tumours.
Gusev A. P.
The succession of plant associations at the territories of the alienation zone in post-Chernobyl period. pp. 99--102
Summary: The article discusses the results of studies on ecological succession in the zone of alienation (Vetkovski district of Gomel region). The lands of this zone have not been used for agricultural purposes. The connection between characteristics of regeneration ecosystems and ecological condition of agricultural landscape is established. The change of vegetation in the course of succession is considered. Plant associations which are formed in the zone of alienation are described.
Chernikevich I. P., Yuzefovich O. N.
The methods of isolation and purification of riboflavin and flavin adenine dinucleotide produced by Eremothecium ashbyi. pp. 103--105
Summary: The methods of isolation and purification of riboflavin and flavin adenine dinucleotide produced by Eremothecium ashbyi have been worked out. Final purity values were 89--92% and 91.7% respectively. The obtained results can lay the groundwork for developing technology which centres on the industrial production of the above vitamin and its derivative (coenzyme) from the fungus.
Tereshkin A. M.
An overview of Ichneumon flies of the Eupalamus and Anisopygus genera (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae) in Belarus. pp. 106--109
Summary: Faunistic, taxonomic and ecological data (abundance, seasonal dynamics, biotopical distribution) of Eupalamus and Anisopygus species from Byelorussia are given. Species of Eupalamus can be found in a maximum number in the pine biogeocenosis (74%), first of all polytric pine forests (60% of total number). 12.6% were collected in alder forests and 9.3--wood sorrel spruce forests. Maximum abundance of males are registered in the period of June, females -- in July. Original drawings both of the total type species females and theirs parts of body are given.
Alekhnovich A. V.
Specific length increment during larval stages of Caridea prawn development. pp. 110--114
Summary: The specific length increment between two larval stages of Caridea prawn development depends neither on a number of larval stages nor on the affiliation to a systematic group. The mean value of the specific larval length increment is equal to 0.124 ± 0.079 per stage.
Summary: On the basis of studying a wide range of biologically active compounds of 14 species of medicinal wood plants the possibility of their usage for producing preparations of cardiological, adaptational, antiseptic, radioprotective effect has been shown. Hippophae, Schizandra, Crataegus, Aronia, Dasiphora are of particular importance.
Krupnova E. V., Trusova V. D., Yeliseeva K. G., Voitovich A. M., Ogurtsova S. E., Afonin V. Yu.
Mutation effect of mitomycin Ñ in epithelial cells of gastrointestinal tract. pp. 120--122
Summary: The mutagenic effect of mitomycin Ñ was studied in epithelium cells of gastrointestinal tract. The maximum level of cells with micronuclei was observed in 30 hours aster administering the medicinal preparation. Among other intestine parts the highest levels of aberrant cells were noted in duodenum during all the fixation terras.
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