(Vestsi Natsiyanalnai Akademii Navuk Belarusi)
SERIES OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Published by The Belaruskaya Navuka Publishing House, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
|
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (Vestsi Natsiyanalnai Akademii Navuk Belarusi) SERIES OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Published by The Belaruskaya Navuka Publishing House, Minsk, Republic of Belarus |
Summary: This study focuses on the features of phenolic compound accumulation in fruit of early-, medium- and late-ripening tall bilberry. It provides field-proven results obtained after the placement of N60, P60 and K60 mineral fertilizers into soddy podzolic sandy soils situated to the south of Belarus. That is done in accordance with the classic 8-variant scheme.
Kozlovskaya Z. A., Biryuk E. N.
Application of peroxidase as a genetic marker to assess the apple adaptation to low temperatures. pp. 9--13
Summary: In this paper, we described the results of many years of researches on winter-hardiness and, specifically, on frost-hardiness of various apple samples which had heterogeneous genetic origin. We selected some grades that could be used as laboratory models for early diagnostics of cold-resistant forms of apple. With the help of polyacrylomide gel electrophoresis we investigated polymorphism of peroxidase in apple leaves in relation to temperature and freeze-through period. It was demonstrated that isoperoxidase set varied depending on cultivars, terms of leaf selection and freeze-through temperature. The most vivid polymorphism was determined for peroxidase of leaves selected for analysis in October.
Kontsevaya I. I., Yatsyna A. A.
Betula pendula Roth. culture shelf life in vitro under low above-zero temperatures. pp. 14--17
Summary: This paper describes a possibility of a long-term shelf life of birch explants in vitro. The result is achieved at 4౨C, and recurrent subculturing is not required. As explants, it is recommended to use shoot segments that have 1--2 buds as well as roots.
Bulavik I. M., Perevolotsky A. N.
137Cs accumulation in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). pp. 18--23
Summary: In this paper, the authors investigated Scots pine stands for the variability in 137Cs specific activity in these stands. It was demonstrated that when the variation in soil contamination was insignificant (from 7 to 18%), the 137Cs specific activity in timber might amount to as much as 86%. The authors hypothesized that the link existed between the variation of radionuclide contents in timber and a stand age, which was determined by the feeding area of plants.
Pavlyuchuk N. V., Palilova A. N., Akhramenko A. D., Pyko V. I.
Interspecific and intraspecific variability in virus-resistance demonstrated by primitive cultivated potato species. pp. 24--28
Summary: The authors studied interspecific and intraspecific variability of primitive cultivated potato species for their resistance to viruses. The authors obtained data concerning the dual nature of this feature. It was shown that the spontaneous variability in virus-resistance could be caused by the instability of nuclear genome in somatic cells of potato plants reproduced by vegetative propagation. Spontaneous mutations of chloroplast DNA might result in the violation of the normal interaction between nuclear and chloroplast genes which encoded plant defense reactions. That could also induce the variability.
Lazarevich S. S., Latypov A. Z., Melnichuk A. D.
Genetic heterogeneity demonstrated by the cultivars of spring durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). pp. 29--34
Summary: The authors propose the method with the help of which one can choose parental lines for hybridization. This method is based on preliminary detection of non-correlated integral features by means of factor analysis. 43 cultivars of spring durum wheat of various geographic origin were clustered. The quality of clustering was statistically confirmed. It is found that these 43 cultivars can be divided into two large groups, which differ widely from each other in many aspects. The first group is mainly composed of the cultivars originated in Western Europe: these species are insufficiently adapted to the conditions of our region. The second group is not homogenous. Genetically similar, Russian cultivars are mainly included in this group. Apart from that, two small clusters of Russian selection are separated from the second group.
Yurenkova S. I.
Isoenzyme analysis of genetic polymorphism of fiber flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). pp. 35--40
Summary: A comparative analysis of fiber flax cultivars and F1-hybrids revealed genetic variability of the studied forms according to isoenzyme spectra of superoxide dismutase, aspartat aminotransferase, shikimate dehydrogenase and cytochrom oxidase. The author detected the polymorphism of loci which controlled isoenzyme formation of the above-mentioned enzymes.
Kozhuro Yu. I., Maximova N. P.
Cytogenetic activity analysis of the influence rendered by Gesagard, Granstar, Zenkor and Simazine herbicides on the seedlings of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and pea (Pisum sativum). pp. 41--46
Summary: The authors studied the genetic impact of Gesagard, Granstar, Zenkor and Simazine herbicides. This genetic impact being studied, the authors measured the frequency of chromosomal and genome aberration occurrence. The mechanism of the mitotic division of the plant cells was evaluated.
Molchan O. V., Dubovskaya L. V., Volotovsky I. D.
Phytohormone regulation of cGMP and cAMP concentration in the seedlings of oats (Avena sativa L.). pp. 47--50
Summary: The authors tested the effect of indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellic acid and abscisic acid on the cGMP and cAMP concentration in the homogenate of oats seedlings. It was observed that these phytohormones were able to increase cGMP level. cAMP level was increased after the application of indole-3-acetic acid only. LY 83583 and dideoxyadenosine suppressed the effect of phytohormones.
Domansky V. P., Domanskaya I. N., Kolyago V. M., Radyuk M. S.
Biogenesis of multifunctional supracomplexes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) photosynthetic apparatus under the conditions of plant adaptation to increased and decreased temperatures. pp. 51--56
Summary: The authors investigated the occurrence of multifunctional pigment-lipoprotein supracomplexes of the photosynthetic apparatus in the course of greening of etiolated barley leaves. The experiments were performed at 12 and 35°C. The authors also studied the influence of protein synthesis inhibitors on this process. It was shown that the plant adaptation to low temperatures caused the increase in a relative amount of complexes derived from young developing membrane sites. Higher temperatures reduced the amount of complexes. Protein synthesis inhibition was more vigorous under low temperature of cultivation. So, plant became less adaptable to the temperature drop. The inhibition of both cytoplasmic and plastid synthesis of proteins disintegrates the adaptive mechanism which stabilizes the contents of complexes during greening under various temperatures.
Senkovich O. A., Rozin V. V., Slobozhanina E. I.
Temperature and pH influence on the parameters of human erythrocyte hemolysis during the application of Triton X-100. pp. 57--62
Summary: The authors investigate how percentage and rate of fast/slow hemolysis of human erythrocytes under the influence of Triton X-100 depend from pH and temperature. It is shown that the percentage of fast hemolysis increases within 5.9--6.6 pH range, while within 6.6--7.6 pH range only insignificant changes occur. The duration of fast component half-hemolysis does not change within 5.9--7.6 pH range. Two types of pH-dependence of slow hemolysis rate are discovered for various blood samples. An Arrhenius plot that features the rate of slow hemolysis driven by Triton X = 100 (with reaction order n = 3--5) is a straight line within 10--60 °C interval (the activation energy: Ea = 103 ± 7 kJ/mol). For slow hemolysis with n = 11--12, the plot shows a break, and Ea changes from 103 ± 4kJ/mol to 45 ± 6 kJ/mol. The temperature, at which this break appears, decreases from 33 ± 1 °C to 27 ± 1 °C wllile Triton X-100 concentration increases. The Airhenius plot, that demonstrates the dependence of the fast hemolysis rate within 10--25 °C interval, is linear (Ea = 121 ± 6 kJ/mol). The temperature rise (up to 24--25 °C) is paralleled by the increase in the percentage of fast hemolysis, while at 34--35 °C the percentage drops to zero.
Shalygo N. V., Melnikova E. V., Averina N. G.
Photooxidation processes during photooxidative stress in green barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves treated with Mn2+ cations and 5-aminolevulenic acid. pp. 63--66
Summary: The authors observed the development of the photooxidative stress in the segments of green barley leaves which were illuminated. The segments placed in 5 mM Mn2+ solution were preliminary incubated in the dark for 17 hours. Mn2+ was used in the following combinations: 5 mM Mn2+ + 1 mM of 5-aminolevulenic acid (ALA) or 5 mM Mn2+ + 5 mM of ALA. When these combinations were applied, the development of the photooxidative stress was strengthened due to both toxic effect of Mn2+ cations and due to the influence of porphyrins accumulated from exogenous ALA. The photooxidative stress was characterized by the destruction of chlorophyll (a + b), carotenoids and lipids. The amount of ascorbate, a low molecular weight antioxidant, increased during the initial period of the photooxidative stress development. In contrast, the strengthening of photooxidation resulted in the sharp decrease of ascorbate amount. The authors supposed that under vigorous photooxidation the components of the antioxidative systems were not able to regenerate on time and to protect plants against active oxygen agents.
Belikova V. L., Bulygina E. M., Bayeva S. V., Obraztsova N. V., Astapovich N. I.
Identification of phytopathogenic fluorescent bacteria of Pseudomonas group. pp. 67--69
Summary: Over 30 strains of phytopathogenic fluorescent pseudomonads were isolated from several infected plants. Most strains were identified as Pseudomonas cichorii, P. syringae pv. syringae, P. syringae pv. glycinea. The authors discuss the problem which focuses on the identification of species in yellow pigmented group of strains.
Dembitskaya I. A., Egorova Z. E., Kolomiets N. D.
Microflora of food products with preservative agents and microbial putrefaction understorage. pp. 70--73
Summary: The authors examined bacterial microflora of ketchups, flavourings and mayonnaises produced from vegetables. In this context, birch juice and fruit preserves were also tested. Their microflora varied from singular cells to a few hundred thousand CFU per lg sample. The general domination of Bacillus genus was observed. It was found that the probability and focus of rotting process were determined by several factors. These factors include physiological and metabolic peculiarities of microbial contaminants as well as physicochemical properties of food products, including preservative concentration, ingredients, etc.
Kuts F. I., Belousov O. L., Klimko N. K., Popov E. G.
The influence of g-radiation in relatively low doses on androgen-reception interrelations under experimental thyroid hypofunctions. pp. 74--78
Summary: The paper presents original data concerning the influence of thyroid hypofunctions, induced with iodine-131 and mercasolile, upon the characteristics of testicular cytosol androgen-reception system.
Tereshkin A. M.
The review of ichneumon wasps of DUSONA genus (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) that are common in Belarus. pp. 79--82
Summary: Faunistic and ecological data (abundance, seasonal dynamics, biotopical distribution) of 33 Dusona species from Byelorussia are given. Most species and their abundance are registered in the meadow biotopes. Maximum number of species and their abundance are registered in the period July -- August. All species are new to the fauna of Byelorussia.
Kokhnenko O. S.
Gametogenesis of golden carp (Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch)) under radioactive contamination of reservoirs. pp. 83--86
Summary: The author performed the histological analysis of the oocytes of golden (Chinese) carp, Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch). Its habitat was radioactive-contaminated Belarusian reservoirs within Chernobyl zone. The obtained results revealed that the oocytes underwent some degenerative alterations such as irregular nucleus shape and karyolysis. That was witnessed by examination of the fish of Perstok Lake where water was characterized by the high level of radioactive contamination. It was shown that the alterations were connected with the high level of natural habitat contamination. These alterations were also caused by the high content of radionuclides in fish tissues and organs.
Zubei A. U.
Morphometric characteristics of Donensian ruff (Gymnocephalus acerina (Guldenstadt)) that can be found in the river Pripyat. pp. 87--92
Summary: The author provides the first description of plastic and metric signs which characterize Donensian ruff of the river Pripyat. The meristic signs of specimens from all compared groups are stable. It is confirmed that, according to plastic signs, Donensian ruff of the river Pripyat differs from the fish of the rivers of Dnepr, Dnestr and N. Donjets. Maximal differences are discovered in head structure.
Derunkov A. V.
Ecological diversity of staphylinid beetles (Coleoptera, Staphilinidae) in the «Pripyatsky» National Park pine plantations of various age. pp. 93--99
Summary: The author studied the ecological diversity of staphylinid beetle communities in the «Pripyatsky» National Park pine plantations of various age (II class of age: 36 years and III class of age: 60 years old) and of various type (Pinetum pleuroziosum and Pinetum myrtillosum). The beetles were collected by means of pitfall trapping. Margalef, Shannon, Simpson, Berger-Parker indices and a parameter of log-series were used for the estimation of ecological diversity. The author tested the correspondence of species abundance distribution to the log-normal model, log-series and broken stick models. Species richness was practically equal in all plantations (ca. 40 species). The largest differences were traced in the dominant structure of staphylinid beetle communities. The number of dominants was higher among pine plantations of III class, irrespective of the forest type. The highest ecological diversity governed by the high evenness of species abundance was registered in the plantations elder (III class of age). The most diverse spectrum of ecological groups was found in younger pine plantations (II class of age).
Summary: This paper reviews the recent advances in remediation techniques. During the past century, intensive industrial and agricultural human activities have contributed to considerable soil contamination. Various physical, chemical and biological methods are being used to remediate contaminated soils. The choice of remediation strategy is governed by the nature of contaminants. Metal contaminants are prone to demonstrate the strongest resistance to remediation. Plant-based remediation technique, known as phytoremediation, possesses a number of advantages for the use in soil contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants. Phytoremediation is safer than physico-chemical procedures, and it could be applied for the remediation of large territories. Phytoremediation is a promising technology that uses metabolic peculiarities of plants. However, the phytoremediation is a relatively recent technology, which needs elaboration. Effective genetic engineering of plants capable to phytoremediation requires a better understanding of metal transport mechanisms in plants. It is vital to construct plants that need smaller quantity of fertilizers, grow on marginal lands, accumulate nutrients and clean up contaminated sites.
Summary: Total description of the 4 species and 4 varieties of Russula genus is presented for the first time for Republic of Belarus. Some of them deserve conservation. There are as follows: Russula emetica var. griseascens Bon et Gaugue., Russula emetica var. silvestris Singer., Russula turci var. arnethystina Quel., violeipes Quel., Russula viscida Kudrna.
Kozlovskaya I. P.
The consumption of mineral feeding elements in winter greenhouses on organic substrata of various ash content. pp. 110--113
Summary: The author discovered the dependence between the following aspects: ash content, the consumption of mineral feeding elements and composition of organic substrata combined with buckwheat husk additives. The author determined the organic substratum composition which ensured the most efficient tomato growth in small-volume containers in prolonged culture.
Shimalov V. V., Demyanchik M. G., Demyanchik V. T.
Extra information about Chiroptera helminthofauna of Belarus. pp. 114--116
Summary: In 1996--1999, the authors examined 27 specimens of 8 bat species (Chiroptera) of south-western Belarus in order to make studies on helminths. 12 species of helminths were found. For the first time in Belarus, the authors registered Trematodes Allassogonoporus amphoraeformis (Modlinger, 1930) ((host Myotis nattereri (Kuhl, 1817)), Ophiosacculus mehelyri (Modlinger, 1930) ((host Eptesicus serotinus (Schreber, 1774)), and Prosthodendrium longiforme (Bhalerao, 1926) (hostMyotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817)), nematode Litosoma sp. (host E. serotinus). Trematodes were found in intestine, while nematode became localized in cavity body.
Volod'ko I.K., Spiridovich Ye.V., Garanovich I.M., Motyl M.M.
Vladimir Nikolaevich Reshetnikov (To the 65th Anniversary of his Birthday). pp. 120--121
Click here to read this article in Russian (Win1251)
 Academy |