(Vestsi Natsiyanalnai Akademii Navuk Belarusi)
SERIES OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Published by The Belaruskaya Navuka Publishing House, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (Vestsi Natsiyanalnai Akademii Navuk Belarusi) SERIES OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Published by The Belaruskaya Navuka Publishing House, Minsk, Republic of Belarus |
Summary: Features of callus formation in different Crocus vernus tissues were studied. The apical shoot tips and parts of corms without lateral buds showed the highest capacity for callus formation. Calli of Baron van Brunow explants were formed on the MS medium with NAA, while callus initiation in Twinborn explants required addition of 2,4-D to the medium. Further subculturing on the medium with 3 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l NAA resulted in initiation of embryo-like structures in the calli. Such structures were most numerous in the calli from tips of Twinborn shoots. Addition of 2,4-D to the medium did not lead to formation of embryo-like structures in Crocus vernus.
Morozov O.B.
Cultivation of the Koralle red bilberry in conditions of radioactive contamination. pp. 9--15.
Summary: Cultivation of the Koralle red bilberry on soils with the original density of radioactive contamination 1.3 Ci/km2 demonstrates that the content of radionuclides in the berries does not exceed the sanitary standards established in the Republic. The main factors minimizing the radionuclide accumulation in plants are (i) preplanting soil cultivation, and (ii) enrichment of soil with small doses of major nutritional elements (NPK).
Glushakova N.M., Alekhno A.I.
Effects of the temperature and light factors on the productivity of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus). pp. 16--19.
Summary: The paper presents the data on the productivity of Gerbera within a year, being grown in container-culture conditions in Central Botanical Gardens of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. There are two periods of high quality production: April--May and August--September. We established that Gerbera's productivity is related to light and temperature environmental factors.
Ivleva S.N., Shimko N.A.
Effects of industrial waste of the "Belarus kalij" plant on the biological activity of soils. pp. 20--24.
Summary: The article analyses the data on changes in invertase activity and the content of water-soluble organic matter in dernopodzolic soils under the influence of high-soluble mineral salts, being part of potassium industrial waste, at different distances from the source of pollution. The invertase activity is shown to depend on the soil salinization rate.
Rusalenko A.I., Novik S.A., Yuzefovich A.V.
Features of the growth and formation of fir forests in Belarus. pp. 25--30.
Summary: Climatic conditions for the growth of fir forests in Belarus are discussed, with special reference to the influence of soils on the formation of spruce stands. The causes of wilting of the stands and recommendations for planting productive and stable fir forests are given.
Shukanov V.P.
Peculiarities of auxin effects of steroid glycosides on clover plants. pp. 31--33.
Summary: Auxin-like activity of endogenous steroid glycosides was studied for the first time through their action on the linear and bulk growth of red clover. Steroid glycosides were found to display pronounced regulatory capacity, similar to auxin in quality but superior in quantity.
Stepanovich I.M., Sharpio T.P.
The biochemical composition and forage qualities of grass stands of natural meadow communities. pp. 34--39.
Summary: The biochemical composition and forage qualities of grass stands of natural meadow communities in Belarus were studied for the first time on the syntaxonomical basis. The best forage qualities were displayed by the grass stands of eurnesophilic (class Arrhenatheretea), mesohygrophilic (alliances Alopecurion, Beckmannion, Caricion gracilis) and xerothermic (class Festuco-Brometea) communities, and the worst by those of extreme environment communities (classes Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae, Sedo-Scleranthetea, Nardo-Callunetea).
Trofimova E.A.
Antifungal activity of phytoalexin-like substances of wheat. pp. 40--42.
Summary: The phytoalexin-like compounds detected in wheat seedlings infected with Septoria nodorum have been shown to strongly inhibit the growth of the fungus.
Yurchanka Ya.A.
Multidimensional analysis of variability of Peniophora cinerea and P.incarnata (Corticiaceae S. L., Basidiomycetes) in culture. pp. 43--47.
Summary: Isolates of two cultured wood-inhabiting saprobic species of corticioid fungi are analyzed morphologically using principal component analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling. The material represents 33 isolates of Peniophora cinerea from 8 natural districts and 26 isolates of P. incarnata from 9 natural districts of Belarus. The data sets are composed of 133 binary (Bulean) characters for P. cinerea and 107 binary characters for P. incamata. The ordinations (diagrams) for the two species are considered. There is no clear clustering, with several exceptions, for the isolates from the same locality, for genetic affined isolates (from the same population or sib-related), and from the same host. However, some similarity in morphology of P. cinerea isolates from Corylus avellana and partly from Betula pendula is observed, as indicated by (+) or (-) values of coordinates on the diagrams. Isolates of both Peniophora species do not fall into any intraspecific taxa, but some divergence determined by the host plant is admitted.
Juss M.A.
Veronica catenata pennel (Scrophulariaceae Juss.), a new species for the flora in Belarus. pp. 48--51.
Summary: Data on Veronica catenata Pennel, a new aboriginal species for Belarus' flora, known in several localities in Brest, Gomel, Grodno and Mogilev provinces, are presented. The chromosome number was established to be 2n = 36.
Tikhomirov Val.N.
Analysis of the ecological differentiation factors of affined species (by an example of the genus Pilosella Hill.). pp. 52--55.
Summary: A new method of analysis of the ecological differentiation factors of closely affined species, tested on representatives of the genus Pilosella Hill, is offered. Three most essential ecological factors affecting the ecological differentiation of the species under study were determined. These are humidity in relation to the distribution of species, nutrient status of soils, and illumination level of a habitat. Some correlation between a physical possibility of hybridization of parent species and occurrence of hybrids is demonstrated.
Volovich P.I., Khripach P.I.
Biomorphological peculiarities of some introduced species of the genus Corylus in Belarus. pp. 56--60.
Summary: Of the introduced species of the genus Corylus the most promising for Belarus were distinguished. Peculiarities of their growth and major phases of phenological development, fruitification, frost and winter resistance and morphological and biometric characteristics of fruits, leaves and shoots enable to draw a conclusion that climatic conditions in Belarus meet biological requirements of these species.
Yermishina N.M., Gordey I.A.
Effects of genotype and medium factors on the efficiency of androgenesis in cultured anthers of triticale and secalotriticum. pp. 61--65.
Summary: The in vitro androgenesis efficiency in different genotypes (varieties, lines, F1 hybrids) of triticale and secalotriticum, depending on nutrient medium and growing conditions of anther donor plants, was studied. The genotypes used in the research responded in a similar manner to a change in the medium. The best results were obtained on Hamborg's medium B 5. From the results of 4-year experiments it follows that growing conditions of anther donor plants are most important for the androgenesis efficiency in triticale. Genetic differences in the androgenetic ability manifested themselves only under optimum conditions of plant growing. An essential superiority of the F1 hybrids over the parental forms in this parameter was revealed. The highest yield of new formations in anther culture was observed in hybrids, in which one of the parents had a high level of the androgenetic ability.
Panich I.A.
Technology of information analysis in databases by an example of the content analysis of the CHEDIBASE. pp. 66--70.
Summary: Using descriptive codes application of which reduces losses of data during their selection (in comparison with losses during selection by key words), and which allows to identify information similarly to the rubricator of "electron encyclopaedia" and to carry out the content analysis of the database information, the organizion procedure and the structure of a database (as an example, database of Chernobyl information) were proposed. Application of the procedure is supposed to decrease "idle" information, which increases along with a rise in information flows in the whole world, to reduce the price and to simplify the procedure of database development.
Bazbanov D.P., Trukhanovets N.L., Bazhanova A.A.
Electron microscopic investigation of mutants of the nitrogen-fixing rhizospheric bacterium Pseudomonas sp.418 with a root colonizing defect. pp. 71--74.
Summary: Transmission electron microscopy gave evidence that cells of nitrogen-fixing rhizospheric bacterium Pseudomonas sp.418, actively moving in semisolid (0.4% agar) medium, produced 1--5 flagella on one of the poles. Lateral flagella were rare, and their number did not exceed 1--2. The loss of motility by the root non-colonizing mutants of Pseudomonas sp.418 was caused by the defect in flagellation. In one of the mutants movement of the cells in semisolid medium was impaired because of their non-separation after division.
Titok V.V.
Dynamics of bioenergy processes in etiolated seedlinds of fiber flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). pp. 75--79.
Summary: The content of adenine (AMP, ADP, ATP) and nicotinamide nucleotides (NAD+, NADP+, NADH, NADPH), activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, cytochrome-c-oxidase, and phosphofructokinase were measured in cotyledons of etiolated fiber flax seedlings by HPLC and spectrophotometric methods during the first 7 days after imbibition by quiescent flax seeds (Linum usitatissimum L). Increases in all indices were recorded during the first 4 days of germination. Highly significant correlations were detected between the characteristics of bioenergy processes (ADP, total adenine nucleotides, NAD+, NADP+ content) in cotyledons and dry weight of embryonic axes of fiber flax seedlings.
Antipova T.V., Gapeyeva T.A., Serdyuchenko E.V., Volotovskii I.D.
Photophysiological reactions of transgenic tobacco plants containing a chimaera in genome for the phytochrome asRNA synthesis. pp. 80--83.
Summary: The article presents data on some features of far red light-induced morphogenetic reactions in seedlings of transgenic tobacco plants with a reduced content of phytochrome A. Transgenic plants were resistant to the inhibiting action of far red irradiation on the growth of hypocoty, formation of plastides and accumulation of chlorophyll. It is suggested that the reactions are mediated by phytochrome A. The transgenic plants obtained can be used in studies of particularities of phytochrome functioning.
Petrovskaya Î.Â., Lyakhnovich G.V., Volotovskii I.D.
Phytochrome-dependent changes in the content of phosphatidylinosite-4,5-diphosphate in plasma membranes of cells of etiolated oat seedlings. pp. 84--87.
Summary: Data on the light control of polyphosphoinositide metabolism in plasma membranes isolated from cells of etiolated oat seedlings are presented. It was shown that, in contrast to the far-red light, red light adressed to phytochrome stimulates the phosphoinositide metabolism. The possible involvement of phosphoinositide signal molecules in phytochrome transduction in plant cells is discussed.
Melnikov S.S., Manankina E.E., Budakova E.A., Deyeva V.P.
Effect of emistim Ñ on the productivity of euglena (Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris) and content of pigments under exposure to Cd2+ and Ni2+ cations. pp. 88--89.
Summary: A new plant growth regulator emistim C increased the algae productivity and decreased inhibition of reproduction of Euglena gracilis, caused by heavy metal cations.
Puchkova T.A., Babitskaya V.G.
Physiologically active compounds of the fungus Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing. pp. 90--94.
Summary: The study compares some physiologically active compounds (such as proteins, lipids, chitin-glucan complex, polysaccharides, phenol compounds) produced by submerged mycelium and fruit bodies of the fungus L. edodes. It was revealed that ethanol extracts of submerged mycelium had a high antioxidant activity which was close to that of fruit bodies. The antioxidant effect of a complex of physiologically active compounds of submerged mycelium was shown in white rats which were exposed to g-radiation. Application of a submerged mycelium extract to these animals normalized products of lipid peroxide oxidation. The submerged mycelium of L. edodes did not differ from the fruit bodies in quality and quantity of physiologically active compounds.
Popov E.G., Kuts F.I., Belousov O.L.
Androgen reception in the testicles of rats: a comparative analysis of effects of incorporated 137Cs, 131I and external g-radiation. pp. 95--99.
Summary: The specific androgen binding tests in unpedigreed rats showed that low doses (0.1--0.25 Gy) of radiation from incorporated 131I (500 kBq), 137Cs (320 kBq) and external g-exposures (at different terms after) caused phasic changes and retardation in the activity of androgen reception in reproductive system tissues of experimental animals.
Zverinsky I.V., Legonkova L.F.
In vitro effect of blood serum and bile of cholestasic animals on the biotransformation of xenobiotics. pp. 100--103.
Summary: The effect of blood serum and bile of cholestatic animals with and without drug monotherapy (nikethamide 50 mg/kg and S-adenosylmethionine 100 mg/kg, i. p., 8 days) on the biotransformation of xenobiotics in microsomal fraction of rats was investigated. No marked inhibitory effect of blood serum and bile on microsomal oxidation and conjugation of alien substances was found in rats with secondary biliary obstruction.
Piven N.V., Pilatova N.L., Luchverchik L.N., Kuzmenkova E.I., Solovey V.V., Mokhort T.V.
The radioimmunoassay in revealing preclinical disorders of the pituitary-thyroid system functioning. pp. 104--108.
Summary: The main purpose of this research was to study the value of radioimmunoassay (RIA) for assessing the pituitary - thyroid function in healthy persons (aged 18--45). Quantitative criteria have been worked out for estimation of thyroid gland function for the population of Belarus in accordance with regional ecological situation. On this basis, concentrations of thyrotropin, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, thyroglobulin, thyroxine binding globulin were determined by RIA in blood samples. The analysis of the data obtained revealed latent forms of hyperthyroidism (42%) and hypothyroidism (21%), regarded by the authors as late medical consequences of the Chernobyl accident. Subclinical stages were diagnosed in most cases. Thus, RIA has proved useful for studying the functional state of the regulatory "pituitary-thyroid gland" system and revealing prenosological disorders in it.
Korsak A.S., Gourine A.V.
Effect of neuropeptides synthesized by capsaicin-sensitive afferents on the production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor by blood mononuclear cells in vitro. pp. 109--111.
Summary: The experiments have shown that the neuropeptides neurokinin A, neurokinin B, neuropeptide K, calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P, released from the peripheral endings of capsaicin-sensitive nerve fibres, are capable of modulating the production of the cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor by the rat blood mononuclear cells in vitro.
Pesotskaya Ya.A.
Changes in the amino acid composition of blood plasma and liquor after destruction of neurons in the caudal ventrolateral medulla with kainate. pp. 112--114.
Summary: In acute experiments ventrolateral medulla on 9 male rats unilateral injection of 0.65 mg kainic acid to the caudal was accompanied by a gradual (30--60 min) rise in arterial pressure up to 180--200 mm Hg. The content of glycine decreased by 6%, GABA by 34, taurine by 61, tyrosine by 36, serine 41, and alanine by 68% in liquor, and glycine significantly (P < 0.05) increased by 123%, taurine by 286, tyrosine by 41, and serine by 57% in blood plasma.
Flyunt I.S.
Characterization of hemostasis and erythron and their correlation with immune and metabolic indices in liquidators of the Chernobyl accident. pp. 115--118.
Summary: Patients with urolithiasis and calculous pyelonephritis who are liquidators of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power station have disturbances of hemostasis as disseminated intravascular coagulation and of erythron as hyperchrome macrocytic hyporegenerative anemia that are correlated with certain immune and metabolic changes.
Nikiforov M.E.
Analysis of subfossil fauna of the sub-boreal period in Belarus. pp. 119--123.
Summary: Belarus' avifauna of the sub-boreal period (3.500--3.350 years ago) was reconstructed on the basis of analysis of 660 fossil osteal samples collected from ancient human settlement "Osovets-2" in Vitebsk region. Fauna of waterfowl and shore birds during the sub-boreal period was highly rich in species with predominance of taiga-boreal avian species and noticeable occurrence of steppe and forest-steppe species.
Semenchenko V.P., Buseva Zh.F., Palash A.L.
Analysis of pelagic and littoral zooplankton in lakes of different types. pp. 124--126.
Summary: The structure and species composition of Cladocera planktonic and planktobenthic species in the littoral and pelagic zones of lakes of different trophic status were comparatively analyzed. The species diversity differences between lakes were more marked for the littoral. At the same time changes in the structure of planktobenthic species are little predictable depending on the succession stage of a lake. It is concluded that planktobenthic species are less representative as indicators for the tropic status of a lake as compared with planktonic species. The Cladocera species diversity tends to decrease with the depth in the littoral zone.
Tikhomirova L.L., Sidorovich V.E., Adamovich S.G.
The structure of the association of small mammals (Rodentia, Insectivora) in mixed forests of central Belarus. pp. 127--131.
Summary: Species diversity, pooled and species abundance and several other characteristics of the community of small mammals inhabiting the transzonal forest ecosystems in the central Belarus were studied. The community was quite homogeneous in structure and there was no substantial difference between various forest habitats. The basis of the community is the relatively little variable population of bank vole. Taking into account our own and literature data, the N--S trends in the structure of the forest small mammals are discussed. The essential differences in the community structure and a considerable increase of both pooled and species abundance in the N--S gradient are shown. Corresponding changes in the habitat carrying capacity (first of all, food supply) for small mammals are discussed.
Savarin A.A., Kusenkov A.N.
Nutrition of the hedgehog Erinaceus concolor Martin, 1838 in forest biocenoses of the Belarus Polesye. pp. 132--134.
Summary: The nutrition of Erinaceus concolor in the forest biocoenoses of south-east Belarus is under consideration in the article. It is concluded that the biotopic distribution of the given species of insectivore depends generally on the quantity of carabids.
Summary: Electromagnetic fields (EMF) influence the expression of cytokines in cells of the immune system by regulating the activity of gene transcription factors NF-kB and AP-1. The effects of EMF depended on their characteristics and functional state of immune system cells.
Summary: The first observation of notodontid moths Harpyia milhauseri F. and Drymonia dodonaea Den. & Schiff in Belarus is reported. The the time of flight and larval and wintering phases, the forage plants for the caterpillars, the biotopic preference, the character of the distribution in Belarus and on the neighbouring territories were shown for every specils.
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