(Prirodnye Resursy. Природные ресурсы)
Published by The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus & The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Protection of the Republic of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
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NATURAL RESOURCES (Prirodnye Resursy. Природные ресурсы) Published by The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus & The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Protection of the Republic of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus |
Summary: Spreading and state of knowledge of non-traditional kinds of mineral resources within Belarus are discussed. Two groups of non-traditional mineral resources are described. They are natural mineral resources and technogenic mineral products. The first group includes dawsonite, wollastonite, chert, zeolite-bearing silicilyte, glauconite, bentonite clay, vivianite, ocher, sapropel, calcareous tufa, fumed oak, bischofite, industrial brines. The second one consists of the waste of potassium and apatite ore reprocessing. The ways of non-traditional mineral resources use in industry and agriculture are suggested. If is shown that non-traditional mineral resources form the important fund for the state economy development.
Резюме: Рассмотрены распространение и изученность нетрадиционных видов минерального сырья в Республике Беларусь. Намечены пути их использования в промышленности и сельском хозяйстве. Показано. что нетрадиционные минеральные ресурсы являются важным резервом для развития экономики страны.
Derevyankin Yu.A., Vinogradova I.N., Ivanova N.S., Menshikov V.S.
Technological assessment of prospects of accompanying recovery of gold and other valuable minerals from the processed sandy-gravel materials at the functioning crush-sorting factories. pp. 17--23
Summary: First results of accompanying recovery of the concentrate of heavy minerals, which contains gold, from sandy-gravel material and technogenic products of its processing at the existing crush-sorting factories of Belarus are presented. Technological investigations were carried out using concentrating separators of the gravitational operation: the centrifuge KN-30" (Canada), the vibrator-centrifugal separator VCS-0.6 (Russia), spiral concentrator SC-250 (Belarus), Sc-1000 (Ukraine) concentrating table "Jemeni-60" (Australia). Methods of mineralogical analysis, gravity, magnetic and electrostatic enrichment were used at the final stage. The initial raw material for investigation was sand with 5 mm fraction. The work done has shown principle possibility of effective accompanying recovery of gold and other useful minerals. There was a fluctuation of the volume of gold from 1.3 to 3750.0 mg/m3 in initial feeding. The concentration has reached 2.5...9.4 kg/m3 in the final products. The average volume of gold recovery was 87.2...94.7%.
Резюме: Представлены первые результаты по попутному извлечению концентрата тяжелых минералов, содержащего золото, из песчано-гравийного материала (ПГМ) и техногенных продуктов его переработки на дробильно-сортировочных заводах (ДСЗ) Республики Беларусь. Технологические исследования проводились на обогатительных аппаратах гравитационного действия и смонтированных на их основе обогатительных модулях. Выполненные работы показали принципиальную возможность эффективного попутного извлечения золота и других полезных минералов.
Summary: In 1998 within the framework of the republican program "Natural Resources Use and environment protection" investigation was performed of the theme "To give complex estimation of the use and protection of water resources of Western Bug, Dnieper, Pripyat, Neman and Western Dvina and to develop recommendations for the regional bodies of Environment Protection management". One of the sections of this task gives recommendations for organization of basin management of the use and protection of waters. The concept of basin-territorial approach to organization of management of the use and protection of water resources is given below. While developing this concept foreign experience was used at large and the tendencies of rapproachement of the acts of Russia, Belarus, Ukraine were taken into account. Special attention was paid to the transition period during organizational reorganization of management system.
Резюме: В статье дается изложение концепции бассейново-территориального подхода к организации управления использованием и охраной водных ресурсов. При ее разработке максимально использован накопленный зарубежный опыт и учтены тенденции сближения законодательных актов России, Беларуси и Украины. Особое внимание уделено учету переходного периода в процессе организационной перестройки системы управления.
Cherepansky M.M.
Regional assessment of ground water intake impact on the river flow. pp. 30--39
Summary: Regional (according to water areas and districts) indicators of surface and ground water interrela-fionship with consideration of the intake impact value of the latter are of great importance when conducting the stale water survey (cadastre), compiling catchment schemes of complex use and protection of water and land resources, territorial complex schemes of environmental protection (TerKSOOS) and other similar documents which cover great territories. The level of ground water intake impact is usually characterized by the river flow reduction coefficient which is defined by the ratio of river flow reduction value caused by ground water intake to the intake value. Methods of generalized regional coefficient calculation of river flow reduction is based on analytical solutions for the assessment of concentrated ground water intake impact for the standard calculation schemes. Due to these methods the "Automated system for prognosis of ground water intake impact on river flow" (AS "River") was elaborated. With the help of this system, the first assessment of the river flow reduction coefficients at the ground water intake operation was carried out for the river Dnieper catchment on the territories of Russia. Belarus and the Ukraine, and also for the following rivers: the Pripyat, the Neman, the Zap. Bug and the Zap. Dvina within the borders of Belarus. Methods of regional assessment of dispersed ground water intake impact on the river flow were elaborated for the operation of a great number of wells on the vast areas. The methods are based on the vision of a river catchment as a system of calculated fragments meeting requirements of standard designed hydrodynamical schemes and the substitution of existing dispersed water intakes by a generalized system of wells. The methods were approved in the upper reaches of the Berezina catchment and with consideration to the operation periodicity of wells -- in the upper reaches of the Usyazha catchment. The elaborated methods were also used when compiling TerKSOOS in Minsk and Minsk region, while elaborating "The Scheme of water conservation zones and riparian strips of rivers and reservoirs of the city of Minsk" and the projects on small rivers restoration in cities.
Резюме: Для корректного определения располагаемых водных ресурсов и охраны рек от истощения разработана методика региональной оценки сокращения речного стока при сосредоточенном и рассредоточенном отборе подземных вод при составлении схем КИиОВР, ТерКСООС, схем и проектов водоохранных зон рек и водоемов. Дана оценка коэффициентов сокращения речного стока при эксплуатации водозаборов подземных вод в бассейне р. Днепр на территории России. Беларуси и Украины, а также pp. Припять, Неман, Западный Буг и Западная Двина в пределах Беларуси.
Summary: A brief description of long-term and multi-plan experiment in the area of plantation forestry has been provided, realized in natural-climatic conditions of Belarus. It has been marked, that in the process of its arrangement on stationary experimental sites, investigation of the impact of various ways of the site preparation and soil treatment, types of material to be planted, density of planting and tree-stands, their distribution on the site is provided for, as well as various nursing intensity on growth indices of tree-stands and tree-leaders. At the stationary sites the impact of joint and separate application of mineral fertilizers, herbicides, perennial lupine and bough ends upon the culture growth is studied, the regularities of branches growth and dying-off in plantations are established, changes in the conditions of mineral nutrition of plants and harmfulness of root-cut are investigated, the efficiency of introduction into inter-row plantations, created by double-row links, of fur-trees for new year decoration, berries, medical and nitrogen-fixing plants is determined. It has been said that as a result of conducted complex research a great number of data has been accumulated by now, which allowed to experimentally substantiate the rational system of forest-cultural and forest economic measures to intensify forestry in plantation cultures, providing production of main bulk of round timber material to be sawn up and planed meeting the first rate requirements, as well as qualitative balance timber, fitting both for internal use and export. High economic efficiency of coniferous sorts cultivation at plantations is stressed, for on the automorphic soils the deposition and cultivation of plantation cultures do not require great extra funds investment, but provide conditions of mineral nutrition of timber plants, the possibility of effective machinery and mechanisms utilization while arranging treatment, conditions for growing up by-product and forests fire security provision, cardinal improvement of sanitary state of tree-stands and increase of their resistance to diseases, as well as reduction of terms of growing large-scale timber by 20 years (that of balance almost twofold).
Резюме: В статье изложены результаты серии многовариантных экспериментов в области интенсификации лесовыращивания. Установлено, что на автоморфных почвах закладка плантаций и выращивание леса на них не требует значительных дополнительных вложений средств, но обеспечивает улучшение условий для минерального питания растений, выращивания побочной продукции, возможность эффективного использования машин и механизмов в процессе ухода, повышение пожарной безопасности лесов и их устойчивости против болезней, кардинальное улучшение санитарного состояния древостоев и повышение, сокращение сроков выращивания крупномерной древесины на 20...30 лет.
Summary: Anti-flood territories protection primarily in the Polesie is not only one of the most topical tasks of complex natural resources use and protection, but also the most important social-economic and management problem of Belarus. The Pripyat river and its tributaries are characterized by extremely bad hydrological regime. Inundations areformed 9 times within 10 years on the average and occur any season, and those of the foll may reach the level of The spring ones. For the past 50 years 12 hard floods occurred in the region, resulting in tremendous detriment to national economy. During the fresher flood-plains and localities, public constructions and communication lines on total area of up to 600 thousand hectars are being flooded, of them by the Pripyat waters 424 thousand hectars, including more than 200 thousand hectars of farming lands. The width of the Pripyat spring flood varies in the overage from 5 lo 15 km. Mean duration of the bottom land flood is 80... 110 days. and in some years -- till 150... 180 days. In extreme climatic-hydrological years the bottom land is kept under water for the whole vegetation period. Some territories of Stolin, Pinsk, Luninets, Zhitkovichi and a number of other districts may he flooded more than 15 months practically every year. Activities lo protect bottom land territories from inundations in the national scale have been initialed in Belarus since 1968 in the frames of the created "Schemes of lands drainage and cultivation of the Polesye lowland of BSSR and USSR". In 1978 "Technical-Economical Substantiation (TES) of Engineer Measures To Protect from Floods and Amelioration the Pripyat River Bottom Lands "was developed by the Institute "Belhyprovodkhoz" jointly with 17 scientific-research and designing organisations of the republic, suggesting a set of anti-flood measures: 1166 km dams construction, protection of 280 thousand hectars of farming lands and 165 settlements from floods. As it was stated in 1998, about 50% of scheduled events have been realized: 119 hectars of lands protected, 517 km of dams erected, 81 localities protected. In 1988--1999 the "Belhyprovodkhoz" Institute maintained works to correct TES in the light of new scientific trends toward bottom lands cultivation and modern requirements to the environment protection. For a scientific support of works related with floods protection in settlements and farming lands, a working group with leading experts and scientists of the republic was set up in April, 1999 by the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, that developed urgent anti-flood measures for settlements and farming lands protection in the bottom lands of Pripyat and its tributaries.
Резюме: В статье рассматриваются проблемы наводнений в бассейне Припяти. Анализируются особенности гидрографической сети Полесья, режима формирования паводков на р. Припяти и ее притоках, площади и продолжительность затопления. Приводятся постановления директивных органов о неотложных мерах по противопаводковой защите пойменных земель и населенных пунктов в Полесье, технико-экономические обоснования инженерных мероприятий по защите от затоплений и мелиорации поймы Припяти. Рассматриваются различные варианты зашиты от затоплений поймы р. Припяти и ее притоков и объемы внедрения специальных противопаводковых мероприятий. В статье излагается перечень первоочередных мер по защите от паводков населенных пунктов и сельскохозяйственных угодий в пойме Припяти и ее притоков, разработанных группой ведущих ученых и специалистов республики.
Shvetsov A.A.
Ecological crisis, sustainable development and nature management system: search for the problem solution. pp. 59--64
Summary: There is no sufficient theoretical basis for the activities directed to the achievement of sustainable development. Decisions of the Second International Conference on the environment and development adopted in Rio-de-Janeiro are mainly of political character. This fact objectively promotes gradual loss of single understanding of purposes and ways how to achieve this task. Domination of the general global approach to the problem over the regional one, from the positions of interests of separate countries, also plays negative role. The likely way of investigations is presented and justified in the article. They will ultimately allow to evaluate the current situation, perceived as critical for mankind, reveal the whole circle of interconnected aspects responsible for this, in their system unity. This will allow to find opportunities to overcome this critical situation. The research is based on the investigation of nature-use management history in the region. These is an axiom that defines general direction of research: The purpose of the system of nature-use management is to weaken the dependency on the environment as a means of increasing a possibility of self-preservation of man and society. The results of these studies, which will undoubtedly go from specific facts and have empirical nature, will really allow to evaluate the correlation of the global and regional in the reasons of origin and ways of this problem solution.
Резюме: В статье дается краткий анализ подходов и тенденций в области разрешения принципиальных эколого-экономических противоречий. В качестве базового интегрального понятия, на основе которого возможна выработка теоретической основы деятельности в этом направлении, предлагается понятие "система природопользования". Методическим подходом, позволяющим полноценно раскрыть структуру и соотношение компонентов системы природопользования, может быть изучение истории ее формирования.
Lis L.S., Gatikh M.A., Grigorevich L.L., Kozlovskaya T.N.
Impact of agricultural production on the ecological slate of land resources. pp. 65--72
Summary: Agricultural production is characterized by diverse impact on the environment. Main objects of pollution are arable lands and pastures. Applied mineral and organic fertilizers, pesticides, farm breeding complexes waste, erosion processes are considered to be the affecting factors. Mechanisms of negative impact of the mentioned factors upon the soil cover and the processes of contaminants distribution regarding the territorial aspect have been discussed. The principle of ecologo-fechnological rationing has been used for quantitative assessment of the impact rate, the initial conditions of ball scales compilation of this assessment have been substantiated and scales have been developed for all the factors applied. White developing the criterium of general estimation, features of the agricultural lands distribution were taken info account according to the self-purification rate, which is expressed by the indices of soil cover. General rate of the impact of agricultural production of the territorial unit is assessed by the area of contaminated lands. By using official statistic data and analyzing the character of distribution of soil cover indices, calculation of the area of such lands has been made for Brest, Kamenets and Pruzhany districts of Brest region.
Резюме: В статье предложен методический подход к оценке воздействия сельскохозяйственного производства на земельные ресурсы, заключающийся в определении уровней факторов воздействия по обоснованной шкале баллов и расчете площади сельхозугодий, подвергшихся загрязнению. На примере базового региона произведен расчет загрязненности территории.
Kadatsky V.B., Vasileva L.I., Tanovitskaya N.I., Lipskaya T.I.
Forms of heavy metals in soil of towns with different industrial potential. pp. 73--82
Summary: The objects for investigation were small and middle-size towns of Minsk region and big industrial center Minsk. The aim of the article is to estimate the degree of urban territories contamination by air pollution using ecological and geochemical parameters. Comparative investigations have been performed to study Berezinsky biosphere natural reserve as the background. Soil samples were collected from humus horizon of urban and natural alluvial landscapes. Samples were analyzed for total heavy metals content as well as their forms (Сu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Co, Cr). These elements were chosen as they are perfect indicators of anthropogenic impact. Forms of heavy metals were investigated according to three-stage scheme): 1 -- mobile (eluent 1 N CH3COONa), 2 -- relatively mobile or active (eluent 1 N HCI), 3 -- firmly bound or inert (decomposition of the remainder with the mixture of HNO3+H2O2. Correlation of solid phase to liquid is 1:5. Extracts were analyzed by atomic-absorption method. The method for assessment of urban soils transformation based on technogenic coefficient (Kt) has been suggested. Technogenic coefficient (a ratio of potentially mobile form to firmly hound ones) is an independent parameter on subjective natural indices compared to other ones and reveals the initial degree of soil pollution.
Резюме: На основе анализа соотношения форм тяжелых металлов в гумусовом горизонте почвенного покрова элювиальных ландшафтов урбанизированных территорий разработан метод эколого-геохимической оценки трансформации почв. Предложенная методика представляет новый аспект в развитии экологического мониторинга окружающей среды при использовании геохимического критерия в определении загрязнения ландшафтов, коэффициента техногенности, наряду с такими как ПДК, ПДВ и другими санитарно-гигиеническими показателями.
Kukharchik T.I., Kakareka S.V., Khomich V.S., Prokopenya V.A.
Cut-over bogs in cities: experience of landscape research. pp. 83--91
Summary: Features of landscape research of the cut-over bog Ozerishche-1 located in Minsk are discussed in the article. It is stated that at the moment only a small part of the former high bog (approximatly 8 ha) remained where remnants of peat preserved and restoration of hog is observed. The legend of soil map is elaborated; the cathegory of technogenic soils is marked out, in its structure five main groups were revealed. It is stated that subsoil wafers are most contaminated near snow dump and belong to saline; by chemical composition waters belong to sodium chlorine. At the same time the level of soil contamination with heavy metals is comparatively low. Classification of ultimate landscape of the territory is described; fragments of maps are given.
Резюме: В статье излагаются результаты ландшафтных исследований выработанного болота Озерище-1, оказавшегося в пределах города Минска. Характеризуется загрязнение почв и почвогрунтов. грунтовых и поверхностных вод. Анализируются факторы трансформации и современное состояние ландшафтов. Приводятся описания и классификация почв и техногенных отложений и элементарных ландшафтов объекта: демонстрируются фрагменты карт. Предложены рекомендации по использованию данной территории.
Savchik S.F.
Evolution of anthropogenic landforms within the Belarus territory. pp. 92--98
Summary: A subdivision of anthropogenic landforms into types and species based on their functional role makes it possible to consider man-made relief evolution as a result of changes in raw material, technological and economic basis of society. It also justifies adaptation of historical and archaeological division in the study of anthropogenic morphogenesis. The following 6 stages of anthropogenic landforms evolution are singled out: Paleolith and Mesolith, Late Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Middle Ages, and Industrial Age. Historical analysis of the anthropogenic morphogenesis development reveals the progressive character of evolution of the anthropogenic relief within the Belarus territory. The appearance of new types and species of man-made landforms has been occurring simultaneously with the development of new technologies, as well as of new relationships in both production and social spheres. The types of anthropogenic landforms have been existing permanently. None of the landform types which had ever appeared vanished later. The cyclic evolution was typical only for some land form species. Their development passed the stages of appearance, peak of spreading and decline. Thus, the types of anthropogenic land-forms carry out their important functions in the people -- environment systems permanently.
Резюме: Проанализирована эволюция антропогенного рельефа на территории Беларуси в период с позднего палеолита по настоящее время. Установлено, что в целом интенсивность антропогенного воздействия на рельеф возрастала скачкообразно, в соответствии с так называемыми "технологическими революциями" на рубеже почти каждого из выделенных этапов развития. Ни один из появившихся когда-либо типов антропогенного рельефа не прекратил своего существования в последующем. Циклическое развитие характерно лишь для некоторых видов антропогенного рельефа, которые на протяжении отдельных периодов проходили стадии появления, расцвета и упадка.
Shevtsova N.S.
Principal indices of water quality for recreation use. pp. 99--106
Summary: The article deals with the necessity lo develop strategy and policy of water recreation resources management on the basis of principal indices, standards and criteria of water quality. Principal indices should he worked out considering each type of recreation use. The author formulates key concepts: "principal index", "criterium", "standard" for recreation activity on water objects and analyses definition of the concept "water quality" from the economic and ecological points of view. Original positions and principles were specified on the basis of ecological approach to the definition of water quality. Substantiation of the necessity will be carried out of differential use of target indices of water quality for contact, noncontact and trade sorts of recreation activity. The definitions of basic and high ecological quality of water for the purposes of rest and stages of achievement of high ecological quality of water are given. Using the ecological approach as a basis, the concepts "basic" and "high" ecological quality of waterfor each sort of rest are determined. Two main stages for the achievement of high ecological quality of water are presented and their purposes are formulated. A list of advantages related with the introduction of the system of target indices for the protection of pools from impurity and health maintenance is given. When defining target indices at the first stage of achievement of basic ecological quality, it is recommended lo utillize a regional method. At the second stage of defining target indices for the achievement of high ecological quality of water in a specific pool. it is necessary to combine regional approach with a pool one, preferring the last. The system of target indices providing basic ecological quality at the first stage and high one at the second stage is integral, continuous and structurally heterogeneous. Within the framework of the last property the following structural elements of the system are selected considering the level of their significance: common, special, individual and particular.
Резюме: В статье сформулированы понятия "критерии", "целевые показатели", "стандарты" качества воды водоемов рекреационного назначения Беларуси. Рассматриваются основные положения и принципы использования целевых показателей на основании экологического подхода к определению качества воды. Проводится обоснование необходимости дифференцированного установления целевых показателей качества воды для контактных, бесконтактных и промысловых видов рекреационной деятельности. Даны определения базисного и высокого экологического качества поверхностных вод для целей отдыха и этапы достижения высокого экологического качества вод.
Tarasyonok A.I., Shevchenok V.N.
Tourist rent as a reflection of tourist attractiveness of Belarus national parks. pp. 107--113
Summary: The results of expert estimation of national parks tourist attractiveness are given. The estimate was formed from the point of view of tourist recreation activity organization being most corresponding to the national parks aims and functions. As a result, tourist attractiveness factors structure was defined and national parks attractiveness was estimated. Geographic position of national parks was not considered. According To the national parks attractiveness rate, a list of national parks was prepared in the following order: Narochansky, Belavezhskaya Puscha, Braslav Lakes, Prypyatsky, Logoisky, Svislochsko-Berezinsky, Naliboksky, Surazhsky. It is evident that in Narachansky park there will he the highest rate of tourist activity rent profit, and according to the list of national parks the profit will reduce in other parks. Therefore, while establishing payment for tourist nature use in these protected territories, differential approach to each of these territories is necessary considering tourist attractiveness features. The method of ecological rent definition for the tourist sphere is presented.
Резюме: В результате экспертной оценки определена туристская аттрактивность национальных парков, которую прелагается использовать в качестве индикатора при установлении платежей в сфере туристского природопользования на особо охраняемых территориях.
Summary: Ravines of the Mozyr ridge are unique nature objects for Belarus. Therefore in February 1986 landscape reserve "Mozyrskie ovraghy" was set up. Special individuality is added to it by the erosive forms of the relief, which tend to activation because of anthropogenic violation of natural equilibrium. The variety of the relief determines special diversity of vegetation species: 496 species of vascular plants in total are detected, which belong to 325 genuses and 86 families. Out of them 18 species are frees, 38 species are bushes, 424 species are grassy and semishrub species. Rare and relict plants were saved in revive, which allow to estimate vegetable cover of the Моzуr ridge and all Polesie before it has been changed by the human economic activity. Considerable part of the reserve's territory is located within the borders of Моzyr city. This influences the strategy of its activity and determines high degree of anthropogenic stress on its geocomptexes. Some part of the reserve's territory is densely occupied by buildings. Recreation press is seen practically everywhere. In the city there are enterprises of oil refining, machine-building, metalcutting, woodworking production, light and food-processing industry, as well as diverse automobile, railway and river transport. Моzyr takes the third place in Gomel region by emissions of polluting substances into the atmosphere. The most significant share of total emissions contains the components of smoke gases: sulfur dioxide (61.3%), nitrogen oxides (5.0%), carbon oxides (4.5%), soot, vanadium pentyoxide, black mineral oil tar. There are some specific polluting substances here: benzol, toluol, sulphuric acid, ammonia and hidrogen sulphide. Long-distance transfer of acid-creating oxides, emitted into the atmosphere by industrial centres of Belarus, influences the formation of acid rains. Practically all the territory of the reserve suffered radiation contamination as a result of the Chernobyl accident. The rate of contamination in some places reaches 5 Ku/km2. In general, by the rate of contamination all the territory of the reserve belongs to the first contamination category, that assumes minimum restriction of human activity. At a common positive evaluation of the reserve state, it is necessary to specify its borders, reduce anthropogenic press, improve specific structure of woods by the increase of hard-leaved trees, organize the environment monitoring.
Резюме: Приведены результаты натурных обследований заказника и оценки его состояния через 12 лет после создания. Основное внимание уделено состоянию растительного и почвенного покрова, оценке влияния на территорию заказника различных факторов антропогенной нагрузки.
Savchenko S.V.
Ecological and geochemical study of the Berezina river floodplain soils in the Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve. pp. 128--137
Summary: To estimate background content of trace metals in floodplain soils of the central Belarus, surface soil samples (over 50 samples from depths of 2...12 cm) were collected in July 1997 from 110 km long section of the Berezina river carrying away the water from Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve. The total content of Si, Fe, Al, Ca, K, Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, Cr, V, Mn, Ti, Ni, Co, Сu, Zr, Pb, Ba, Be, Y, Yb, Nb, Sc, Mo, La, Ag, Zn in floodplain soils was determined by X-ray emission spectroscopy. Samples were analyzed for mobile compounds of selected trace elements including Cr, Ni, Co, Сu, Pb, Zn, Cd. Soil types ranged from very sandy with low organic matter to peat soils. Element concentrations were relatively low and depended on sample type and fades. Analysis of the total and mobile content of trace elements in humus horizons of floodplain soils allows to show up regular decrease of their content in floodplain facieses row: the central part, the plot near the river-bed, natural levees. There are no essential differences in the distribution of trace elements between three floodplain facieses. In addition, overbank sediment sampling has been fulfilled. Geochemical investigation has shown that the overbank sediment holds a special place among recent alluvial sediments. The metal uptake by pasture by pasture herbage from these soils has also been examined. Comparison of metal concentration in plants and soil (plant enrichment factor defined as Mplant/Msoil) can be successfully used to evaluate metal bioavailability. As a result of detailed geochemical investigation and statistical processing, background soil parameters of the total macro- and trace element content, mobile compounds of trace elements for the main floodplain facieses as well as the trace element content in pasture herbage of the Berezina floodplain were obtained. The findings of the ecologo-geochemical assessment of the Berezina floodplain constituents can serve as background parametres of the environment quality for floodplain ecosystems of the republic.
Резюме: Рассматривается латеральная и радиальная дифференциация микроэлементов (валовые и подвижные соединения) в пойменных экосистемах р. Березины на территории Березинского биосферного заповедника. Результаты эколого-геохимической оценки поймы Березины основаны на статистическом материале и могут служить фоновыми показателями качества природной среды для пойменных экосистем Беларуси.
Summary: For a long time the unified scheme of the comparative assessment of underground and surface water specific cost (1 m3) was used in the Ukraine. Due to such approach the following main factors were not taken into consideration: 1) low vilnerability of underground water to catastrophic technogenic contaminations (high level of protective ability): 2) small losses of agricultural lands for underground water in take system building in comparison with surface water one. Absence of the above mentioned factors in the geological-economical assessment of surface and underground water supplying systems resulted in the preference of surface water resource consumption. But high level of water catchment area landscape contamination effected the unstable and high risk water ecological situation. For optimization of the geological-economical models and investment process desisions the author recommends to take into consideration the following groups of factors: 1) independent -- geological structure, hydrogeological conditions, volumes of resources, etc: 2) depended -- environmental geological conditions, structure of working water intake system, level and possibility of reconstruction; 3) additional -- availability of the exploration work data, worsening of the ecological standard demands, etc.
Jakovlev A.P., Rupasova Zh.A., Volchkov V.E.
Element composition of the bog whortleberries leaves (Vaccinium uliginosum L.) on vary of mineral background of the north of Belarus. pp. 141--145
Summary: In the article we have shown progressive tendency's in ages and seasonal alters of a level of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium in leaves of the hog whortleberries in short cycle of life on vary of mineral background.
Anornu Kwame Geophrey
Protection of underground waters from contamination by industrial discharges. pp. 145--149
Summary: One of me most vital ecological problems is protection of natural subsurface waters from contamination by discharges filtering into the aquifer from the storage of liquid industrial and agricultural discharges. The solution is given in the article how to determine the optimum location of the drain-well fully intercepting wastewater from the storage into the aquifer. This was achieved by simultaneous solving of the inflow equations to the drain-well and the neutral line equation. Optimisation was done on the basis of minimum effective cost.
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