(Prirodnye Resursy. Природные ресурсы)
Published by The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus & The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Protection of the Republic of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
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NATURAL RESOURCES (Prirodnye Resursy. Природные ресурсы) Published by The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus & The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Protection of the Republic of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus |
Summary: National Academy of Sciences of Belarus was founded January 1, 1929. A short story of its development is given and scientific activities of the institutes of the Department of chemical and Earth sciences for 70 years are described. Main scientific and applied results of the Institutes in the field of chemistry, chemical technology, geology, geophysics, geochemistry, geography, nature conservation and rational nature management are presented. Higher education institutions and branch institutes have made considerable contribution to the development of chemical and Earth sciences. Information is given on some research works of these organizations.
Резюме: В статье дается краткая история Национальная академия наук Беларуси, оценивается научная деятельность институтов Отделения химических наук и наук о Земле в течение всего периода становления и развития Академии как высшей научной организации Республики Беларусь.
Bambalov N.N., Belenky S.G., Smirnova V.V., Rakovich V.A.
Development of investigations in the field of genesis and use of mires and peat deposits of the Republic of Belarus. pp. 14--23
Summary: The paper is devoted to the history of investigations in the field of genesis and use of the Belarusian peat deposits and mires. The stages of investigations from the primary perceptive period till now have been analysed. The contribution of Belarusian scientists to the development of peatland research is shown and most important results of their investigations of mires and peat deposits are presented. They are: scientific basis of the subdivision of the Belarusian territory into five peat regions, the hypothesis of boundary horizon formation in peat deposits and the new genetic classification of peat deposits types. The contribution of Belarusian scientists is shown to the estimation and classification of peat resources for fuel, agricultural, chemical, balneological and medicine use. The contribution of Belarusian scientists is shown to investigations of mires and peat deposits functions in nature and society, to the study of their display levels and to the development of ways and methods of the biosphere compatible use of peatlands.
Резюме: Статья посвящена истории развития исследований в области генезиса и использования болот и торфяных месторождений Беларуси. Проанализированы этапы исследований начиная с познавательного периода и до настоящего времени. Показан вклад белорусских болотоведов в развитие науки о болотах и в решение прикладных задач по использованию болот и торфяных месторождений с учетом их функций в природе.
Loginov V.F., Vitchenko A.N.
Climate resources of Belarus and their change. pp. 24--36
Summary: The climatic resources of Belarus and their change for the past century has been considered. There are no sharp distinctions between climatic conditions and resources in the work, for in both cases a great number of the same parameters of climatic system is used. Considerable attention is paid to the change of aridness for the past century and description of possible effects of the modern climate warming. Possible climate warming is favourable for power engineering and agriculture of Belarus. Winter warming will allow to save energy, more early terms of sowing due to warm spring will result in the productivity rise of agricultural produce due to more full utilization of the increased heat resources. The ability to introduce late-ripe and, as a rule, more yielding sorts will appear. The analysis of agroecological potential regarding the cultivation of main agricultural crops has been done. Belarus landscapes have considerable agroecological potential. Most favourable climatic conditions for growing cereals are in stained-lake mid-high landscapes; potatoes and flax -- in lake-glacial lowland and water-glacial mid-high ones with lakes. Most unfavourable climatic conditions for cultivating all the crops mentioned are in the secondary-water-glacial mid-high landscapes. Bioclimatic assessment of weather conditions of various seasons with the use of complex and particular indices of wind speed pathogenic ability, cloudness, temperature and air moisture has been done. In winter the weather in Belarus is changeable, thaws are observed followed by overcast weather with precipitations, winds and fogs. At anticyclonic conditions, periods of cloudless frosty weather with snow-storms and frost occur. Winter weather conditions are evaluated as sharp, unfavourable. The pathogenic ability complex index (PC 1) in winter in the republic does not drop below 24.6 and its maximums reach 31,1. In winter good weather is prevailing, but sometimes short returns of cold and overcast weather happen. Spring weather conditions are irritative (PCI 11.5... 14.6). In summer fair weather with some cloud prevails. Solar radiation income increases greatly. Weather conditions are close to optimal (PCI 8.0...10.7). Worsening of the weather in autumn is observed. Autumn weather conditions are irritative (PCI 14.5... 18.9). The conducted analysis of Belarus climatic resources allows to solve various national economic tasks related to the rational nature management in the state.
Резюме: Выполнен анализ антропогенного потенциала применительно к возделыванию озимой ржи, озимой пшеницы, ярового ячменя, картофеля, льна-долгунца. Проведена биоклиматическая оценка погодных условий в различных районах по сезонам года с использованием индекса патогенности температуры, влажности, скорости ветра, облачности, изменчивости давления и температуры, а также с помощью комплексного индекса патогенности. Представлена Национальная климатическая программа, разработанная в 1997 г.
Voitov I.V., Karpuk V.V., Khomich P.Z., Gudak S.P.
Present state and prospects of Belarus mineral resources development. pp. 37--47
Summary: The strenghening of sovereignty and reformation of the national economy pattern of the Republic of Belarus depend to a great extent upon its mineral resources. Raw material stock as a basis for further economic progress makes the development of mineral resources as well as their efficient use the "hottest" problem at present. About 4 000 various mineral deposits are known within the territory of Belarus. All the deposits can he conditionally subdivided into two groups: deposits ready for industrial mining, and those requiring further exploration. The first group of deposits includes energy resources like oil, brown coal and peat. agrochemical raw materials (potash and rock salt, sapropels, dolomites), various building materials, fresh and mineral underground water. The second group embraces iron ore, rare metals, aluminium, precious metals, phosphorites, gypsum, fibrous kaolin and other deposits and ore occurences. The geological survey "Belarusgeologia" together with the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Joint Works "Belarrusneft" and "Zapadneftegeofizka" have been charged by the Government of the Republic of Belarus to work out the Programme of speeding up prospecting and exploration for the development of mineral resources up to the year of 2000. Under the present economic conditions development of energy resources, diamond exploration, supply of chemical and construction industries with raw materials, evaluation of already known metal ore occurrences are of prime importance.
Резюме: В статье приведены характеристика минерально-сырьевых ресурсов Беларуси, современное состояние и пути развития сырьевой базы. правовая основа привлечения зарубежных инвестиций в изучение и освоение недр страны.
Kudelsky A.V., Gudak S.P.. Pashkevich V.I., Kapora M.S., Korkin V.D., Fadeyeva M.V., Shapoval L .I.
Underground waters of Belarus (resources, quality, utilization). pp. 48--58
Summary: Fresh underground waters are widely spread and used fur drinking and economic watersupply. Drinking water quality meets the requirements of standards excluding the cases when high concentration of iron (>0.3 mg/l), manganese (>0.1 mg/l) and fluorine deficit (<0.7 mg/l) are detected. In the last years a tendency of the fresh waters quality deterioration is observed as a result of domestic and agricultural contamination (increase of chlorine, heavy metals, mineral forms of nitrogen and other inorganic and organic substances concentration). Radioactive contamination of soil as a result of the Chernohyl accident is also a very important source of underground waters contamination too. Increase of the some kinds of diseases also depends on deterioration of underground waters. A system of measures for improving underground waters quality has been offered. Mineral wafers form the basis of balneotherapy in sanatoria and other centres for improving health of the Belarusian people. For the first time in addition to mineral waters, which are known for a long time. a new type of mineral waters with high content of humus substances (up to 300 mg per liter) have been revealed in Belarus. Explorated resources of mineral waters make up more than 21,000 m3 per day. 16 centers for improving health of the people with mineral waters resources of 4,900 m3 per day are located in the areas with radioactive contamination. More than 40 plants for bottling mineral water were created in the republic. "Industrial" brines with the rate of mineralisation 400... 500 gramm per liter are widespread at the Pripyat Depression. High concentrations of iodine (to 50...100 mg per liter), bromine (6...7 gramm per lifer), strontium (to 6 gramm per liter) and other elements are revealed in the chemical composition of brines. In this connection "industrial " brines of the Pripyat Depression represent a new type of mining-chemical raw materials for Belarus.
Резюме: Охарактеризованы подземные воды Беларуси, их распространение, глубины залегания, ресурсы, качество (химический состав) и использование. Основное внимание уделяется пресным подземным водам как источнику хозяйственно-питьевого водоснабжения, минеральным -- как основе бальнеологической реабилитации населения и подземным рассолам -- как перспективному горно-химическому сырью.
Jakushko O.P., Vlasov B.P., Gigevich G.S., Leshkovich L.E.
National resources of Belarusian lakes. Condition and use. pp. 59--66
Summary: The basis of Belarus lakes is composed by about one thousand water-reservoirs with the total area of 1500 km2 and the total water volume of 6...7 km2. The biggest water volume is composed in the lakes of the Zapadnaja Dvina (72%) and Neman (20%) water basins, followed by the Prypyat, Dneper, Lovat. From the administrative point of view, the best supplied are the Vitebsk (more than 70%) and Minsk (25%) regions. The main natural resource of lakes is water, which is used in industry, agriculture, for cousumer purposes, in the city and municipal economy. The annual volume of potencial with drawal of water from the lakes of Belarus is about 400 mln m3. Lakes with high-quality water make up about 6% of the total quantity, and can he used as the drinking-water resourses or for breeding especially valuable fish species. The main part of the lakes (a little more than 80% of the total) is characterised by conditionally pure water which can be used for household and domestic purposes, fishing, fish-breeding, recreation and irrigation. About 10% of the lakes, which receive industrial and communal waste flows or cattle-breeding wastes, have low-quality water, which can he used in very limited spheres of national economy -- for extraction of sapropel and recultivation, for some kinds of recreation (water-motor sport). Biological resources of the lakes are presented mainly by ichthyofauna and high-water vegetation. According to the preliminary data the total supply of raw vegetation in the lakes of the counry is estimated at 110,000 tons of air-dry weight. Mineral resources of the lakes are presented by sapropels, the known supplies of which reach 370 mln m3. The reserves of cure mud perspeted for extraction is estimated at 726 mln m3. They are widely used in agriculture, balneology, in many branches of industry. The lakes play an important role in recreation of the country, which is very demanding to the quality of water and the enviroument in general. Due to limited possibilities of using the seaside of the former USSR resorts for recreation, the inner water reservoirs are becoming more and more important in this respect. The informative importance of ecosystems of specific geological period is very high, as well as that of the sites with rare species of flora and fauna.
Резюме: Рассматриваются вопросы состояния озерных комплексов в свете использования природных ресурсов: водных, биологических, сапропелевых, рекреационных, энергетических, информационных. Оценена степень водопотребления и водоиспользования в различных отраслях народного хозяйства.
Pomelov A. S., Meerovsky A.S., Bambalov N.N., Yaroshevich L.M.
Soil and land resources use and preservation of the biosphere. pp. 67--78
Summary: The state of Belarus soil and land resources and the ways of their use have been considered in this article. Special emphasis is placed on agricultural lands. They occupy about 45% of Belarus territory. The anthropogenic factors affecting soils and top-soils have been analysed. Most important problems concerning soils and top-soils conservation have been discussed. These problems for the Republic of Belarus are caused by the availability of 3,000,000 hectares of reclaimed lands, intensive development of erosion processes, pollution of soil by heavy metals and consequences of the Chernohyl accident. It is stressed that these soils became ecologically unfirm, begin to destroy and disappear as a genetic type: they are being replaced by anthropologically transformed, less fertile soils which prossess worse agricultural characteristics. Quantitative decline of organic matter depending on soil exploitation character is calculated. The main factors affecting the process of peaty soils transformation are discussed. The study of the soil blanket shows that the intensification of human technological influence upon the soil blanket causes activisation of anthropogenic evolution of soil. At present eroded soil and those in erosional hazard amount to 3.4 m hectares or 60% of arable lands. A number of measures for preservation and rational use of lands has been proposed.
Резюме: В статье рассмотрены состояние и характер использования почвенно-земельных ресурсов Беларуси. Основное внимание акцентируется на сельскохозяйственных землях, занимающих 45% территории. Анализируются антропогенные факторы, влияющие на почвы и почвенный покров. Обсуждаются наиболее острые для республики проблемы сохранения почв, обусловленные наличием более 3 млн га мелиорированных земель, интенсивным развитием эрозионных процессов, загрязнением почв тяжелыми металлами и последствиями Чернобыльской катастрофы. Предлагается ряд мероприятий по охране и рациональному использованию земель.
Pikulik M.M., Nikiforov M.E., Kozlo P.O., Khlustunova E.I.
State and use of wildlife resources in Belarus. pp. 79--87
Summary: Wildlife resource groups in Belarus mostly used as food resources, raw materials for industry, fur, medicinal preparations, materials for selection of domestic animals are described. Elk. Wild Boar, Roe Deer, Wolf, Fox, Squirrel, European Hare and Mountain Hare are most important resource mammals in Belarus. Red Deer, Beaver, Musk Beaver, American Mink and Marten may also have significant importance. Positive trends in populations of some animal species during last years are caused by sharp decline in the use of fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides in agrocenoses and decrease of hunting profitability. Noticeable decrease in the number of the majority of waterfowl species in Belarus as well as in all neibouring regions took place in 50... 60-s. During 70-s the number of main hunting waterfowl species began to stabilize and the number of both some protected rare species and not very popular hunting objects even increase. At present the total number of popular hunting Anatidae species varies from 700 lo 1000 thousand individuals after breeding period. Annual hunting bag is about 30...40% from this number. Capercaillie is the most important game species among woodland game. Its number has considerably decreased since mid-60-s. The number of Capercaillie population stabilized and in some places even increased by 90-s. According to the poll its number is 5.5...6.0 thousand individuals. In total, there are two main tendencies in the use of hunting resources during the last years: firstly, illegal hunting has increased; secondly, hunting of fur-bearing animals has decreased due to the fall of the market price of fur, and hunting of unprofitable species also decreased. According to the fishering statistics, maximum catch offish from natural wafer-bodies was reached in 50-s (more than 3000 tonn). Up to early 60-s decrease of catch has taken place and stabilized at the level of 2000...2500 tonn. High number of low valuable fish species and small number of valuable industrial fish species are characteristic features of ichthyocomplexes in natural waterbodies now.
Резюме: Характеризуются наиболее используемые в настоящее время экологические и систематические ресурсные группы фауны Беларуси.
Golod D. S.
Plant resources of Belarus, their state and rational usage. pp. 88--101
Summary: Classiflcation scheme is developed. The state and dynamics of natural vegetation resources of Belarus are analyzed. Five mainblocks are isolated. The plant resources are attributed to the category of replicated natural resources. They occupy considerable place in resource consumption and play a great role in the economy of the republic. The basis of plant resources is made up by wood resources represented by three groups -- by arboreal, not arboreal resources of a forest and recreational. The forests are multipurpose, occupy 35.5% of the territory of Belarus. The stores of timber makeup 1.1 mlrd m3 or 899.7 mln t, 756, 1 mln t out of it is made up by above-ground phytomass and 143.7 mln t (16%) -- on underground. The annual volume of timber felling in 1986--1991 reached 11 mln m3. Now if is at the level of 9.4 mln m3, out of them 43% of timber is prepared for main use and 57% -- for intermediate. not arboreal resources af forests (mushrooms, berries, nuts, alimentary juices, terpenic oils (turpentine) are rather numerous. Unfortunately, only 12...25% of these resources are utilized. Recreational forest use is now conducted in the area of 1.3 mln ha (17.8% from afforestated area). In the long term it will be extended to 2.5 mln ha. Fodder resources make up considerable amount. Natural meadows nowadays occupy 3.5 mln ha (15.8%). They ensure up to 60% of forage, the total amount of which nowadays makes up about 12 mln t of hay, 2 mln t of haylage and 0.8 mln t of silage. In large volumes medicinal raw material (herbaceous plants, rhizomes, fetuses, bacca etc.) are stored. Total annual volume of them makes up about 5 thsnd. t. Resources of moors are also very important. They yield up to 24% of stores of timber and about 56% of stores of all small fruits. The peat resources of moors make up 4.4 mlrd. t, from them oligotrophic -- 862.5 mln t, mezotrophic -- 164.9 mln t, evtrophic -- 3 370.4 mln t. As to mineral plant resources, the brown coals -- belowground ancient peats bog are of interest. Three deposits with total store of 152 mln t are detected.
Резюме: Анализируются структура, современное состояние, динамика и использование природных растительных ресурсов Беларуси. Показаны их роль в общем ресурсопотреблении, значение для развития народнохозяйственного комплекса республики. Выделяется и рассматривается пять групп этой категории ресурсов -- лесные, кормовые, лекарственные, торфяные и ископаемые.
Cherepansky M.M., Konopelko L.G., Oborotova R.I.
Water resources of the Republic of Belarus: development and problems. pp. 102--110
Summary: The paper describes the history of the main Institute on wafer problems of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection which determined scientific, and technological policy in the branch -- the Central Research Institute for Complex Development of Water Resources (CRICDWR) --during four decades of water development. In the 60-ies scientific aspect of the Republic water resource use and protection was paid little attention to. Industrial regions developed without due consideration of water resources, actual wafer use and wafer diversion were not registered, schemes of complex water use were not elaborated; at the same time demand for water increased rapidly and water source pollution was reaching the dangerous level. In 1961 in order to solve all wafer economy problems academician F.P.Vinokurov proposed to found the Research Institute on water problems within the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR. The Institute was a unique one at that time. It dealt with the problems of water provision of industrial enterprises and the population of the country, took part in elaboration of the feasibility report for the Vilejsko-Minsk water system, elaborated economic projects of backwater constructions, examined water resources pollution, created methods for the assessment of drainage land improvement impact on water regime of the Republic, worked out land-survey of the reservoirs of the BSSR, made recommendations on water supply system improvement for big enterprises, solved other problems. In 1966 because of the transition to a higher, all-union level the Institute elaborated a prognosis on water supply availability for water resources of the USSR, worked out methodology for provision of information for wafer complexes management, for considering water factor when building different enterprises. Research and technological works of The CRICDWR made it possible to create the Unified State system of water use, basis for the state land-survey of the water use section, theoretical grounds for wafer balance compilation and for the establishment of automated systems for river catchment water complexes were elaborated, models for working regime improvement in ground water intakes were implemented, scientific grounds for ground water use and protection were worked out, possibilities of artificial recharge of ground water with the help of surface flow for a number of regions were substantiated. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union the activity of the Institute acquired regional tendency. It solves pressing problems of study, assessment and prognosis of qualitative and quantitative anthropogenic load on water bodies of the country, elaboration and implementation of new technologies of water preparation, waste water treatment and water ecosystem restoration, operational monitoring of water environment condition. Great attention is paid to the study of ground and surface water interrelationship, to ground water abstraction impact on surface sources and adjacent area. Along with the descriptions of water science achievements in the mentioned period the paper shows new tendencies in development and the problems which are pressing for the Republic of Belarus at present and in future. Development of the Leading Institute of wafer problems of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Nature protection, which determined scientific and technological policy in the branch. Central Research Institute for Complex Development of Water Resources (CRICDWR) -- is shown on the background of the Water science progress for the last four decades. Along with the description of the achievements during the mentioned period, new trends and objectives important for the Republic of Belarus now are presented.
Резюме: На фоне развития водохозяйственной науки за четыре десятилетия показано становление головного института Министерства природных ресурсов и охраны окружающей среды по водным проблемам, определявшего в этот период научно-техническую политику в отрасли -- Центрального научно-исследовательского института комплексного использования водных ресурсов (ЦНИИКИВР). Наряду с рассмотрением достижений водохозяйственной науки за указанный период, сформулированы новые направления развития и задачи, актуальные для Республики Беларусь в настоящее время и в перспективе.
Iodo I.A., Potaev G.A.
Space as a resource for development of the society. pp. 111--124
Summary: The whole complex of natural and human activity elements of living environment (urban and rural settlements, communications, natural and cultural landscape, buildings and constructions, together with population and forms of human activity) compose the space which is considered to he the resource for development of the society. Development of spatial environment greatly depends on the balance and spatial relationship between developing urbanised and protected natural components of the living environment. The concept of polarised development that is suggested for the conditions of Belarus means well-spaced alteration of urbanised and natural systems, in which urbanised and natural elements of the environment act as two contrasting components that, although they are incongruous in their location, are equally essential for human life. The urbanised pattern of the territory is formed by stable in both time and space components of the environment that arose several centuries ago. They include large cities, which act as centres, and transport corridors, which are axes of urbanised system. The urbanised pattern is counterbalanced by the ecological one, whose foundation is formed by specially protected natural areas (nature preserves and national parks) as well as recreational facilities and green belts around big cities, together with connecting them forest and river systems that form the axes. A balanced relation between urbanised and natural elements, fostered by their well-spaced alteration, and buttressed by compliance with legislation regulating economic activity, will prevent further deterioration of the living conditions through ensuring their environmental sustainability.
Резюме: Пространство, включающее совокупность природных и антропогенных элементов жизненной среды (городские и сельские поселения, коммуникации, природные и окультуренные ландшафты. здания и сооружения совместно с населением и формами жизнедеятельности), рассматривается как ресурс развития общества. Предлагаемая концепция поляризованного пространства предусматривает крупнодисперсное чередование элементов урбанизированного и природно-экологического каркасов, где урбанизированные и природные элементы среды представляют собой два полюса социосферы, несовместимые в пространстве и вместе с тем в равной мере необходимые человеку.
Martsinkevich G.I., Klitsunova N.K., Schastnaya I.I.
Current status and prospects for advancement of landscape science in Belarus. pp. 125--134
Summary: Early papers on landscape science in Belarus were written by A.A. Smolich, A.M. Zhirmunsky, M.F. Bliodukho. The 50th--60th saw the formation of Belarusian landscape school at the Faculty of Geography of the Belarusian State University under the supervision of professor V. A. Dementiev. The distinguishing features of the school are the worlks in the theory of landscape, landscape mapping, division, applied landscape science. The most intensively developed are theoretical studies on the classitication of natural and natural-anthropogen landscapes which form the basis of corresponding maps. The map published in 1984 shows seven classification levels and makes it possible to determine key principles of locating natural complexes. such as zonality, azonality and vertical differentiation. The landscape map of Belarus won high appraisal in the countries of the former Soviet Union and abroad. Classification of natural-anthropogen landscapes was designed with consideration of the fact that the above compexes develop by socio-economic and natural laws. If has three classification stages -- class. subclass and prototype. Class and subclass are distinguished by orientation of human economic activity with consideration of the quantitative characteristic of area structure while the prototype is recognized by peculiarities of natural basis. At some stage the map of natural-anthropogen landscapes of Belarus was considered one of the best thematic maps for a large region. Maps of natural and natural-anthropogene landscapes provided the basis for projecting landscape division of the area in the course of which districts and regions were singled out. Fundamental investigations of landscapes provided a basis for applied work which is in good progress at higher schools, some Institutes of the National Academy of Sciences and some other organizations. Agricultural landscape and landscape amelioration reclamation work is carried out at the Belarusian State University, agroecological work is implemented at the Belarusian State Pedagogical University. Recreational and nature conservation research of landscape is conducted at the Belarusian State University and at the Belarusian Scientific Research Institute of Town Construction. Landscape ecology is investigated at the Institute of Natural Resources and Ecological Problems. At the end of the 20th century new prospects of development appeared, which are related to new complex problems of the rational use of natural resources, nature conservation, ecological value of the environment, sustainable development. Computer systems can help in solving these problems. In this connection carrying ont work related to the creation of digital landscape catalogue for the territory of Belarus is of great value.
Резюме: Освещаются основные достижения фундаментальных и прикладных исследований в области ландшафтоведения. Отмечаются успехи в разработке проблем теории ландшафта, ландшафтного картографирования, оценки ландшафтов для различных народнохозяйственных целей. Намечаются перспективы развития науки в связи с использованием компьютерных технологий и осуществлением стратегии устойчивого развития страны.
Khomich V.S., Kakareka S.V, Kukharchik T.I.
State and directions of eco-geochemicol investigation of Belarusian cities. pp. 135--143
Summary: Main directions of eco-geochemical investigation of Belarusian cities are considered. It is stressed that in spite of large quantity of researches proceedings, investigations of the modern state of urban environment are rare. Problems of the modern state of eco-geochemical investigations are discussed. More minutely results and problems of pedo-geochemical researches are analyzed. These researches are conducted with various minuteness using different approaches and methods. It is marked that estimates of the level of urban soils available can be considered mostly as approximate and it is necessary to use them for cities comparison very carefully. Essential shortcoming of modern researches is short list of pollutants analyzed in urban environment. For instance, in the majority of cities the list of elements controlled in soils includes only six metals. Only some researches are fulfilled with the account of certain enterprises contribution to contamination of cities environment. However, a lot of manufactures ecologically dangerous are located in Belarusian cities. More intensive investigation of landfills of industrial and municipal wastes, waste water treatment facilities, waste ponds, snow dumps, temporary dumps (which are usual on the territories of enterprises, on the cities outskirts), as sources of the environment pollution is required. The necessity of intensification of detailed investigations, perfection of methodology, amelioration of chemical-analytical equipment of laboratories, widening of eco-geochemical monitoring network is emphasized.
Резюме: Анализируется состояние эколого-геохимических исследований городов Беларуси. Обсуждаются методические подходы, результаты и проблемы комплексных экогеохимических исследований. Более подробно рассматриваются результаты изучения загрязнения почв городов, основные проблемы и пути их решения.
Yatsukhno V.M., Gagina N.V.
Regional peculiarities of the agrolandscapes formation of Belarus. pp. 144--152
Summary: The basis of the territorial regularities and the levels of the agricultural mastering of Belarus landscape are described in this article. The most expressive territorial differences are determined by taxons classification of landscapes (subtypes, genuses, subgenuses) and to less degree by landscapes type. The analysis of geographical distribution of the agricultural fields shows that their amount connected on the regional level of the organization of the environment with genetical regularities of the landscapes. The growth of agricultural mastering of the agrolandscapes is following; hill-moraine-erosion subboreal ® hill-moraine-lakes ® hill-moraine-erosion boreal ® secondary-moraine subhoreal ® secondary-moraine boreal ® moraine-lakes ® loess. All landscapes of Belarus was different on the agrolandscapes, forest and agrolandscapes, agro and forest landscapes, forestlandscapes.
Резюме: На основе данных территориального распределения земель сельскохозяйственного назначения проведен анализ освоения ландшафтов Беларуси. Установлены отличия по уровню освоенности различных типологических единиц ландшафтов (типов, родов, подродов, видов). Определено, что основными факторами региональной дифференциации освоенности ландшафтов являются генезис исходных ландшафтных структур и литологический состав.
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