(Prirodnye Resursy. Природные ресурсы)
Published by The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus & The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Protection of the Republic of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
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NATURAL RESOURCES (Prirodnye Resursy. Природные ресурсы) Published by The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus & The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Protection of the Republic of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus |
Summary: Purposeful prospect and reconnaissance work for potassium salts have been conducted in the Republic of Belarus for the last 50 years. During this period of time two large deposits of potassium salts -- Starobinski and Petrikovski were explored, and a number of highly perspective areas - Nezinski, Smolovski, Drozdovski, Oktyabrski, Kopatkevichski, Shestovichski, Zitkovichski, etc. were revealed. At present potassium salt deposits are revealed in the Upper Frasnian, Upper Famennian and Lower Permian salt formations. The sylvinite ores, developed in the Upper Famennian salt formation have an industrial value. This article presents the analysis of modern condition of mineral raw materials basis of Belarusian potassium industry and marks the ways of its expansion. Special attention is given to problems of exploitation of the Starobinski potassium salt deposit, as well as to problems of study and development of new perspective potassium salt fields. The authors have come to a conclusion that there is a need for development of a state program "Potassium", which is bound to comprehend the whole complex of problems, connected with exploration, mining and processing of potassium, and also questions of environmental protection.
Резюме: Подводятся итоги 50-летнего периода проведения поисковых и разведочных работ на калийные соли в Республике Беларусь. Дан анализ современного состояния минерально-сырьевой базы калийной промышленности и оценены перспективы ее развития.
Summary: Dimensions of accumulation, as well as variation ranges during vegetation of the contents of soluble sugars, pectic substances, amylum and cellulose have been established for the first time in some organs of Hyssopus officinalis L. when introduced in the conditions of Belarus. It has been shown that the plants of Hyssopus officinalis L. have low level of soluble sugars. At the stage of vegetation and budding monosaccharides dominate and at the stage of blooming and seed maturation -- saccharose does. Still the plants possess a relatively high contents of pectic substances with the domination of their insoluble fraction. Main tendencies in seasonal and daily dynamics (at the stage of mass blooming) of all carbohydrate fractions in certain organs of the plants and in oversurface phytomasse on the whole have been determined. Based on the comparison of dimensions of biological carbohydrate output from the square unit of growing Hyssopus officinalis L. at the stage of vegetation and mass blooming it is determined that its highest values appear at the stage of blooming and this allows to consider it to be optimal for ifs collection as a medical herb in local conditions.
Резюме: Впервые установлены размеры накопления и основные закономерности в сезонной и суточной (на стадии массового цветения) динамике основных фракций углеводов в отдельных органах иссопа лекарственного при интродукции в почвенно-климатических условиях Беларуси.
Summary: The two--dimension problem of interconnected heat and moisture transfer in the top soil layer considering the exchange of heat and moisture with a boundary layer of air was formulated. The given problem takes info account the heterogeneity connected with the relief of a terrain and the possibility of phase transitions in freezed soil. The boundary conditions on the soil surface are set on the basis of data on radiating and convectional heat exchange and as well on convectional vapor exchange of a boundary layer of air with a soil surface. The difference scheme was constructed faking into account the specific character of the formulated problem. On its basis, the algorithm and the program were developed for computation of processes of heat and moisture transfer in the fop soil layer considering local meteorological conditions and availability of data on the characteristics of heat and moisture in soil. The developed program can be used for computer modelling of drought and frosts on meliorated soils.
Резюме: Сформулирована задача двухмерного взаимосвязанного тепловлагопереноса в верхнем слое почвы с учетом уклона рельефа и фазовых переходов при промерзании, а также с учетом обмена теплом и влагой с приземным слоем воздуха. Для данной задачи были получены разностная схема, алгоритм и программа, позволяющие моделировать процессы тепломассопереноса в верхнем слое почв и грунтов.
Summary: The 155 km section of the Svisloch river located in the central part of Belarus is severely polluted by Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Sn, Pb, Mo and Cd due to Minsk sewage discharge. This river floods annually and so the floodplain is also polluted. The lateral distribution of anomalous metals across the floodplain varies considerably depending on a number offactors, including the nature of the primary anthropogenic source, the previous dispersion history of the anomalous constituents, the geomorphological level, the distance from the river bed and local conditions. There is principal difference in anomalous elements distribution in 3 floodplain fades: natural levee, middle part and wetland part near terraces. Pollution is indicated in all floodplain fades, the bulk metal content (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd) ranges from I to 6.6, and for mobile metal compounds (estimated as 1 M HCl extraction) up to 227. The vertical distribution is also heterogeneous. A stepwise decrease in the concentrations of Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Sn, Ag and Mo from the top layer to the lowest layer may be explained by more intensive pollution during the latest 40--50 years and by the effect of biogeochemical barrier. According to the study, this effect increases as much as 3 times in comparison with that of uncontaminated soils.
Резюме: Рассматриваются особенности проявления латеральной и радиальной дифференциации металлов-загрязнителей (валовые и подвижные соединения) в пойменных почвах р.Свислочь. Установлена тесная зависимость между содержанием тяжелых металлов и фациальными обстановками в пойме. Установлено, что в большинстве случаев аномальное содержание металлов-загрязнителей наблюдается в гумусовом горизонте, представляющем комплексный биогеохимический и физико-химический барьер, до глубин 7...10 см.
Shevtsova N.S.
The Quantitative and Qualitative Criteria of Recreational Fitness of Lakes as a Basis for Spatial and Functional Zoning of Water Surfaces. pp. 34--46
Summary: The availability of the dominating type of recreational lake and river systems makes it possible to consider recreational water resources as a part of recreational resources as a whole. Present research was targeted at lakes, which are natural water surface (equatorial) complexes (NAC). The technological estimation is used by the author as a basic one, it is occasionally combined with medical and biological assessment. Estimation of a NAC for recreation is aimed at finding quantitative and qualitative criteria not for recreation as a whole but for specific recreational activities and their territorial combinations, taking into account their individual properties which define their expediency and feasibility within the lake water surface. The author defines the structure of recreational activities at water units on the basis of their functional peculiarities. Three groups of recreational activities are established: contact (bathing, underwater swimming, water-skiing sports); non-contact (rowing, sailing, yachting); industrial (amateur fishing and hunting). The possibility of using lakes for contact types of recreational activities is defined by various combinations of. the following NAC criteria: 1) radioactive, 2) organoleptic, 3) hydrophysical, 4) hydrochemical, 5) sanitary-hygienic, 6) climatic, 7) hydrologic, 8) morfometric, 9) lithologic. Besides, underwater swimming requires data on flora and fauna. The industrial recreation of water units requires indices of fish variety for fishing, and wildfowl and aquatic mammals indices for hunting. Non-contact recreation requires morfometric characteristics and climate factors. Functional combinations of quantitative and qualitative criteria for recreational fitness of water units for a variety of recreational activities serve as a basis for spatial and functional and functional and temporal differentiation of the majority of recreational units.
Резюме: В статье предлагается методика комплексной оценки рекреационного потенциала водных объектов с учетом существующей в Республике Беларусь структуры рекреационных занятий и их различной индивидуальной избирательности к качеству водной среды.
Voitov I.V.
Ecological Problems of Polessye and main Directins of their Solution. pp. 47--57
Lishtvan I. I., Bambalov N.N., Yaroshevich L.M.
Ecological Consequences of Hydromelioration in Polessye. pp. 57--62
Parfenov V.I., Golod D.S., Rykovskii G.F.
Flora and Vegetation of the Belarusian Polessye, their Dynamics and Protection of the Biodiversity of the Vegetable World. pp. 62--66
Bambalov N. N., Tanovitskii I.G., Belen'kii S.G., Rakovich V.A., Selivonchik T.V., Molokova N.V.
Problems of Ecological Reabilitation of Lake and Bog Natural Complexes of Polessye. pp. 66--74
Pikulik M.M.
Actual Problems of Study, Conservation and Use of the Biological Diversity of Belarusian Polessye Fauna. pp. 74--83
Loginov V.F.
Changing of the Polessye climate for the Period of Instrumental Study. pp. 83--89
Cherepansky M.M.
Hydroecological Problems of Belarusian Polessye. pp. 90--97
Yakushko O.F., Vlasov B.P.
The Rote of Lakes in Polessye Natural System and their Technogenic Transformation. pp. 97--102
Golod D.S., Voznyachuk N.L.
Bottomland Forests of Pripyat, their state and Anthropogenic Dynamics. pp. 103--109
Meyerovsky A.S., Belkovsky V.I.
Problems of Conservatin and Rational use of Biogenic Layer of Anthropogeically Disturbed Peat Bogs. pp. 109--118
Anoshko V.S., Zaiko S.M., Vashkevich L.F.
Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Composition and Characteristics of Soils of Meliorated Lands of Polessye (the results of the Lasting stationary study). pp. 118--132
Lushchik A.V., Yakovlev E.A., Buchurin V.l., Gudak S.P.
Technogenesis and Ecological and Hydrogeological State of the Polessye Lowland. pp. 133--136
Yatsukhno V.M., Romanova T.A., Davydik E.E.
Landscape Diversity of Belarusian Polessye, Modern State and Conservation. pp. 136--140
Kozlovskaya L.V., Tomashevich A.V.
Social and Economical Aspects of the Complex Use Natural Resources. pp. 140--146.
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