A conception is worked out for attracting investments into the real sector of Belarus' economy and their effective application in it. Suggestions for prevention of capital drain from the Republic of Belarus are also worked out.
Methodology for evaluation of the foreign capital influence on the transformation of relations and forms of property in the Republic of Belarus is worked out. Conditions for achievement of competitive ability of the Belarusian enterprises in the situation of openness of the national economy and its inclusion into the world economies are determined.
A conception for stimulation of long-term business activity of the Belarusian enterprises in the conditions of transitional economy on the basis of macro-economic regulation of the money-and-credit sphere and a wide introduction of mechanisms of self-regulation of the activity of subjects of the national economy is worked out. Introducing the above mentioned conception will allow to increase considerably the effectiveness of the national economy functioning.
On the basis of comparative analysis of the regional policy in the states with market and transitional economies (the European Union states, Belarus, Poland, Russia, the Ukraine, Estonia, etc.) common features and peculiarities in the definition of aims and tasks of the state regional policy, its subjects, objects, as well as methods and instruments of its realization are revealed. A preliminary variant of recommendations directed to improvement of the state regulation of the social-and-economic development of the regions is formulated. The results have theoretical importance, they can be used in practical government when solving the problems of improvement of the state regional policy in Belarus as will as in formation of the intergovernmental regional policy within the frame of the Union of Belarus and Russia.
Conceptual suggestions for a balanced expenditure of the state budget means directed at fulfillment of research work and design as well as at development of the material basis of science in Belarus are offered. The suggestions may be used when working out the normative documents which set limits to financing research work and dosing at the expense of the national budget means.
In collective work The Archaeology of Belarus. Vol.1. The Stone and the Bronze Ages on the basis of wide factual material the generalized characteristic of the development of primitive society of the Stone and the Bronze Ages in Belarus for almost 13 centuries is given for the first time. The work shows the peculiarities and character of the first colonization of Belarus in the ice and post-ice ages, different archaeological cultures, ethno-cultural processes connected primarily with infiltration of population from Central Europe. The evolution of oldest economy is shown beginning with appropriating economy (hunting, fishing, gathering) till producing one in the late Neolithic period and Bronze Age (agriculture, cattle-breeding, flint-mining, processing of metals). History of primitive tribes on the territory of Belarus is shown in the wide European context that gives the opportunity to trace the sources of cultures of the ancient Slavs and Balts.
In collective work History of peasantry of Belarus. Vol.1. From the ancient time till 1861 the processes of making and development of economic, social and spiritual life of peasantry of Belarus till the middle of the nineteenth century is shown. On the basis of wide historiographical data and numerous sources the evolution of peasant farm, land-ownership and land-tenure, duties, process of enslaving, market relations, ambiguities and conflicts in the Belarusian village so as of culture and spiritual make-up of peasantry are analyzed.
In the monograph "The Revolution in the Historical Process", on the basis of archival documents, periodical materials, memoir and special works the significance of revolution in the historical process is analyzed. From modern positions the experience of the October Revolution is analyzed and generalized, its essence and results, its place in the development of society are estimated.
Peculiarities of formation and development of the ecological consciousness as one of the main spiritual preconditions of the ecological revival of Belarus are revealed. The concepts of "ecological consciousness", "ecologization of world outlook" are analyzed; the role and possibilities of the contemporary education in the formation of ecological and ideological principles are shown. The dynamics of formation of the ecological values of the Republic's population as the main mechanism of ecological culture formation is investigated and displayed. It is for the first time that in the social-and-ecological investigations the mutual dependence of social-and-natural factors (external) and social-and-psychological (internal) in the process of ecological values formation is considered. An analysis of the contemporary system of ecological education is also implemented. The potential of mass media as an integrating element of ecological culture and their role in increasing socio-ecological activity of the population is revealed. Functional advantages of textual-and-informational materials in ecological education are shown. The problems of demographic prognostication development are analyzed. The necessity of ecological factors introduction into the foundations of the demographic policy is proved.
Different causes and factors of an active penetration and a wide spreading of numerous modern religions sects in Belarus are shown. They are, first of all, the social and spiritual circumstances of the contemporary transitional period which engender non-confidence in future, the unrestricted migration of foreign missioners, the unlimited activity of religions organizations. The ideological sources of the non-traditional religiousness are revealed, the characteristics of its representatives world outlook (search for the universal religiousness, not connected with a certain dogmatism, eclecticism of the combination of separate elements of Christianity, pagan conceptions and modern knowledge, usage of magic traditions and mystical experience, etc.) are revealed.
The whole complex of social-and-cultural formations (originally Slavonic, Greek Orthodox, Catholic) which were the basis of formation of the philosophical thought of the XIth-XIIIth centuries in the Eastern Slavonic region is revealed and studied. A consistent analysis of their main regional branches (Kiev, Smolensk, Polatsk) and functions in the general process of the development of philosophy in the ancient epoch is carried out. There is prepared a material for complex study of the role of different sciences achievements (meaning history, philosophy, astronomy, mathematics, etc.) in the formation of Fr.Skaryna's outlook. Characteristics of social and ideological position of I.Potey as a scholar lived in the years separating cultural-and-historical epochs is given. A.Fillipovich's outlook, the famous Belarusian cultural and political statesman of the XVIIth century, is considered. The prepositions of formation of the philosophy of the national revival in Belarus and its spiritual content in the middle of the XIXth century are revealed.
Social-and-economic, political and legal preconditions of formation and functioning of social-and-legal state are revealed. The social-and-economic factors determining the development of a social state are studied. Formation of market relations is the most important among them. At the same time there is drawn the conclusion, accounting the world experience, that in the market economy conditions the role of state legal regulation in the sphere of economy is increasing. The optimal limits of self-dependence of the subjects of national economy and state legal regulation, the administrative-and-legal influence on their activity are worked out and founded. The content and mechanisms of the state legal influence on the social and economic relations considering the particularities of different forms of activity, the historical conditions of formation and development of market relations are studied.
The factors determining the competence of the legislative, executive and judicial branches of power are studied: the principle of power delimitation, the interrelation of state and local interests, the combination of the priorities of the personality and the state, the effectiveness of realization of the functions and tasks of the state. The sphere of competence of the executive power, the basis of the effective functioning of which is self-dependence in realization of the tasks and functions entrusted to it within the limits of the law (choice of means, measures, forms, methods, etc.) is determined. The conclusions and suggestions about a clear delimitation of competence between the Council of Ministers, on the one hand, ministries and state committees, on the other, are founded. The problems of the local institutions competence in self-regulation and management are also studied. It is shown that the content and volume of their competence should satisfy the needs of the population living on certain territories. The effective realization of the tasks and functions entrusted to the institutions of local self-regulation and management are conditioned by their maximum contacts with the population.
The main trends in the transformation of the social structure in the Belarusian society were revealed. It was cleared up that in the transitional type of society under the crisis one may add to the criteria, described in the world sociology the new ones, such as the ethno-national, regional and "underground" (the "new" Belarusians) identification of the persons and groups. It is fraught of the grow of the social tensions and conflicts. The social theory of conflicts the main positions of which are described in two monographs and introduced in the educational program of high schools, as well as in the teaching of administrative personal have been elaborated and may be used in the administration activity of the all-republican, regional and district levels.
The peculiarities of the national and religious identification of different population groups while the interaction of the religious cultures and traditions were displayed on the basis of the cross-cultural studies, phenomena of the formation of the youth subculture, the ways of the translation of the national and human values between the generations were analyzed.
It was revealed the strengthening of the tendency in the transitional society towards the spontaneous and unjustified extreme differentiation, the criteria of the previous structuralization become less visible, the number of persons who need the social support increases sharp, that requires the decisive activity in the field of the redistribution, subsidiarity, encouragement of business, and personal self-employment. The results obtained may have the practical use while the realization of the social policy.
The interaction between the age and professional characteristics of scientists was studied, the comparative statistical analysis of the researchers of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus according to age structure was carried out.
The peculiarities of the development of labor market and dynamics of the unemployment in Belarus are analyzed. The social mechanisms of the interaction of employment services with plants of different forms of property are displayed. The main sources of the formation, distribution and use of the labor resources are cleared up. The results may be used in the activity of employment services.
There has been accomplished the study of the traditional forms of household activities and material culture of the Belarusian ethnos. The questions of development of legal culture of the Belarusians, feature of church holidays are investigated. There have been also investigated the important components of material culture - the architecture, moving, typology of village settlements, borough and cities, their regional and local features. There has been published a monograph "The Belarusians. Architecture".
Within the framework of investigating the history of the Belarusian oral-poetic creativity, the works of main genres of the Belarusian folklore are analyzed and theoretically comprehended, the dynamics of their development is disclosed. The spiritual world of the people, their attitude, and the huge riches of the Belarusian oral-poetic creativity are studied. There have been published the next volumes of the fundamental code of the Belarusian folklore - "The Songs of Belastok Region" and "The Folklore in Records of Yan Chachot and Tyshkevitch's Brothers". The monographs "The Belarusian Family-Ritual Poetry" and "Talaka in a System of Spiritual Culture of the Belarusians" have been also published.
There has been accomplished the study of the history of the Belarusian cinema. The manuscript of the collective monograph in 4 volumes is prepared in which the scientific analysis of the history of domestic cinema has been presented for the first time. The development of film-dramatic art, stage and operator art, actor's skill are been shown. A monograph "All Belarusian Films. Vol.1" has been published.
The features and paths of development of the Belarusian professional music have been investigated. Within the framework of spent research work two volumes of the collective monograph "The Musical Theatre of Belarus" devoted to opera art, musical theatre, musical comedy, ballet, and music in statements of drama theatres have been published.
The preparation of "The Lexical Atlas of the Belarusian Local Dialects" in 5 volumes is completed. The Atlas is a great contribution to the European and world linguageography. It is a unique treasury of the traditional Belarusian vocabulary concerning flora and fauna, agriculture, mode of life, material and spiritual culture of the Belarusians. The geographical spreading of thematic vocabulary is represented by 1789 maps.
The sixteenth issue of The Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language is published. The dictionary is worked out according to the principles of general development of the East Slavonic historical lexicography by creating historical dictionaries of the Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian languages. The dictionary comprises the information on the written monuments of the Belarusian language of the XIV-XVIII centuries. It reveals the Old-Belarusian vocabulary semantics. The illustrations taken from the written monuments retain the language graphic and orphographic peculiarities. The historical dictionary may serve as one of the most important tools to study the Belarusian language history and to reveal the peculiarities of the Belarusian as related to other Slavonic languages.
A considerable contribution had been carried out to study a centuries-old written heritage of the Belarusians, to elaborate some essential problems of the history and theory of the Belarusian literature, to investigate it's particularities on different stages of the historical development. A new academic "The History of the Belarusian Literature (XI-XIX centuries)" is prepared which includes for the first time some little known, but significant writers of the past (G.Tsamblack, S.Ryssinsky and others). The role of these writers in development of artistic poetic word and culture of Belarus of that time had been shown. The work gives a profound analysis of different literature genres (hagiography, chronicles, travellings). An important stage for fundamental study of the history of the Belarusian literature of XIX century had been achieved and a scientific conception of it's evolution had been elaborated. A creative contribution to new Belarusian literature of several Polish- and Belarusian-speaking writers of XIX century (Ya.Chachot, V.Karatynsky, A.Yelsky, A.Gourinovich) had been presented on the basis of new approach. The role of national traditions and the influence of other literatures on the development of the Belarusian literature had been characterized.
In the framework of preparation a new fundamental history of the ancient and modern Belarusian literature a number of works had been published, which considerably extend the notion concerning the problem studied. In particularly, a monograph about the life, creative work and world outlook of Cyril Tourovsky, the prominent master of the ancient Russia, had been published. The book is the first one in the world literary science which presents the matter with such a quality of scientific reconstruction of the facts in the ancient culture. This work is completed with a substantial supplement which contains the most complete in Belarus collection of works of this classics author of the East Slavonic literature.
Poetic and aesthetic problems of the Belarusian literature of 20's-30's of the XX century have been studied. A part of such a complicated task as investigation of the linguistic and stylistic problems of the epic genre in this period had managed to solve in a profound, systematical and many-sided way. The comprehension of this problem let to envisage more clearly the particularity and originality of the creative writer's individuality as well as to appreciate general trends of linguistic and stylistic movement of the epic genre and to bring to light the key positive aesthetic tendencies, functioning for more distant perspective of the literature development, and different less significant details. Taking into consideration such poetic and aesthetic particularities as landscape, dialogue, monologue, internal monologue, the understanding of the main eternal laws and principles of the classic literature heritage of the works of Ya.Kolas, K.Chorny, M.Saretsky and others have been greatly extended.
The monograph "Creative Works of A.Mryi and L.Kaliouga. Stylistic Particularities" had been published. The book is the first one in the Belarusian literary science which gives the analytical, detailed comparative typological study of the works of the named writers, that helps to reconstruct a general picture of the varied many-colored literature life of Belarus in 20's-30's. Simultaneously with a comprehensive investigation of individual writer's styles, some vital theoretical and method questions, especially the question concerning several stylistic manifestations of the comic category in the literature, have been presented in the monograph.
The 1st volume from the first scientific edition of complete works of Maksim Tank, People's poet of Belarus, had been prepared which includes 3 poetry collections written before 1939: "On stages", "Cranberry color", "Under mast", and some poems written in 1930-1939 but not published in the above-mentioned collections. The poems discovered in West Belarusian periodicals and in archives of Minsk and Vilnius had composed a separate chapter in the volume. A part of poems in this chapter is unknown not only for readers, but even for specialists in Tank's poetry. A considerable place in this volume is given for the commentary. It is based on a comparative analysis of published or manuscript texts (connected with their interpretation), the definition and analysis of their variants and on making more precise the dates of poems. This volume extends the notion about lyric poetry of M.Tank and gives the way for more profound understanding of his creative laboratory and of complicated relations between the writer and the reality.
There has been prepared and published the digest "The Humanities and Social Scientists of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus" presented the curriculum vitaes of Academicians, Corresponding Members, Doctors of Sciences (Prof.) as well as information on the Candidates of Sciences (Ph.D.) working at the research institutes of the Department of Humanitarian Sciences and Arts of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.
There has been published an analytical report "Market Reforms in Belarusian Economy: Problems and Ways of Their Solution" in which main results and suggestions to improve the proceeding socioeconomic reforms based on literature sources and domestic economy processes analysis prepared by the Institute of Economics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus have been formulated.
Source: "Main Results of Fundamental Research. 1996--1997". Eds. F.A.Lakhvich and N.N.Kostyukovich. National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 1998.
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