It was stated that on natural peat deposits 90% of radioactive matter concentrates in the top 5--6 cm layer, and on the cultivated ones it distributes evenly in the top 20 cm layer. The radionuclides migration depth in a peat deposit depends on the deposit watering, mineralization and the availability of the electrolytes introduced. Principal possibility to regulate the mobility and distribution of 137Cs and 90Sr radionuclides in soils roothabitant layer by means of electrolytes and directed water flows was shown.
The geometric parameters of periphery and nuclear parts of peat humic acids were assessed for the first time enabling to define the coefficients of compactness of structural fragments of nuclei of their macromolecules. The volume of humic acids varies within the limits of 1.5--80 nm3, the share of nuclear part comprises 10--30% of those ones.
The humic acids molecules were shown to be built by homological principal, differing by the ratio of polyconjugated aromatic and aliphatic fragments. The structure of systems of polyconjugation of humic acids of various peat sorts is alike and differs only by the content of heterocycled nitrogen.
A model was developed of successional dynamics of grass (meadow) geoecosystems based on the ordinational methods in phytocenology, as well as algorithms and programs allowing to solve direct and indirect tasks of successional dynamics.
The peculiarities of temperature and precipitations variation in the conditions of various anthropogenic disturbance of the underspread surface were stated. The decrease of daily and annual course due to the green-house gases and aerosols contents increase in the atmosphere was shown.
Abnormally glycosylated structural variants of glycoproteins were found in human blood plasma and tissues which can serve as markers of malignant tumors. Lectin affinity chromatography - immunoassay method was developed for quantitative determination of these markers.
Monolayers of cytochrome P-450scc and its complex with adrenodoxin were formed by the Langmuir-Blodgett techniques and covalently immobilized on soil substrates. The orientation of hemeprotein molecules was studied using polyclonal antibodies specific both to the intact cytochrome P-450scc molecule and N- and C-terminal parts of its molecule. It was shown that the molecular orientation of the P-450scc-adrenodoxin complex at the water-air interface is dependent on surface density of the monolayer. A model of orientation of cytochrome P-450scc molecules on the air-water interface is proposed.
A new regioselective method for sodium cyanoborohydride reduction of cyclic b-tricarbonyl compounds - the key intermediates for the total synthesis of prostaglandines, steroids, pheromones and other natural low molecular bioregulators, has been developed.
A new synthesis of brassinolide and a number of biosynthetic precursors have been accomplished. A remarkable feature of the synthesis is the employment for side chain construction of the method which has been previously elaborated and which includes the addition of 22-aldehydes to the anions generated from b-acylsulfones followed by modifications of the formed adducts.
A new type of phospholipids has been found. It belongs to the class of phosphatidylcholine and processes high stimulating activity towards to the monooxygenase enzyme system of human and animals, that provides prospects for the regulation of steroid genesis and metabolism of medicinal preparations and promotes exploration of effective biotechnological processes. (In collaboration with the Institute of Molecular Medicine, Germany.)
It has been proposed a new method of chemical activation of montmorillonite type clays with phosphoric acid and bicomponent solutions of acids (phosphoric+sulphuric, hydrochloric, nitrogenic) which allow to enhance by 2--3 times the sorption capacity of given adsorbents. Combination of the acidic treatment with ultrasound affecting permits to decrease a time of acidic treatment on 2 hours and to increase its effectivity and rules to more higher structural significance in comparison with adsorbents produced without ultrasound treatment. It has been stated that metalphosphate-containing materials have the Lewis and Brensted acidity and they can be used as adsorbents in the processes of oils refining.
For the purpose of creation of new cheap adsorbents on the basis of the natural opalcristobalite rocks it has been studied sorption ability of carbonate-containing tripolies to heavy and non-ferrous metal in dependence on calcium carbonate containing in tripoly and binding material. It has been stated that sorption ability of tripolies is 9--10 mg eq/g if calcium carbonate containing is 40% and bentonite containing is 10--20% as binding material, ions being sorpted stand in a line: Pb(II)>Cd(II)>Cu(II)>Cr(III)>Zn(II) and mechanical stability is 100--120 kg/cm2. All these allow to use produced adsorbents for the waste-water purifying on the industrial enterprises.
Process of high-temperature treatment epoxy compositions discretely reinforced element-containing carbon fibers and high filled with powder phosphates has been investigated. By the methods of IR-spectroscopy and Roentgen phase analysis it has been established thermodecay reactions of binding matrix and structurization of the system proceed owing interaction between products of thermal destruction and heterogeneous filler. High filled carbon-carbon composites, having high corrosion resistance and electrical conduction, satisfactory physical-mechanical parameters, the noninflammable and nonallocating smoke in conditions of long influence of a flame of the gas torch in a current of gas enriched with oxygen at temperature 1500°C and higher one have been developed on the basis of received data.
A novel methodical approach to the synthesis of semiconductor systems on the basis of oxides (TiO2, In2O3, WO3) and phosphates (Ca10(OH)2(PO4)6, VOPO4) containing incorporated particles of electrocatalysts based on chemical modification of the surface of nanocrystalline particles of oxide or phosphate matrix by ternary complexes of transition metals followed by the formation of solid phase at the expense of chemical linkage of surface complexes and their reduction has been developed. The number of nanostructural heterosystems with the particles of "nuclei-shell" type which are different from polycrystalline analogous by essentially high catalytic and electrocatalytic activity during the processes of reduction of hydrogen peroxide, syngletic oxide and oxygen-containing radical compounds has been synthesized for the first time.
The influence of the different surface active substances (SAS) classes, the polymeric binders and the inorganic reagents-electrolytes on the colloid-chemical properties of the salt dispersion holding at the different temperature has been studied (in cooperation with the Belarusian State Polytechnic Academy). The effective inexpensive antyglaze composition which use decreases the consumption of sand-salt mixture for the same purpose by 2--3 times and essentially reduces the environment pollution has been worked out on the base of multitonnage galite waste of "Belaruskalii".
An integrated geological and geophysical model of the lithosphere structure within the Central Belarusian Geotransect based on listric faulting of the Earth's crust was compiled. The model permits much more purposeful searches for major minerals of the country (oil, rock and potassium salt, iron ore, fuel shales, etc.).
A concept of local forecast of buried placer deposits was suggested. A forecast map of Belarus showing polymineral placers was compiled at a scale of 1:500,000. Promising zones and areas where polymineral placers are widespread are outlined, and assessment and prospection works are suggested to be setup within their limits.
Some promising areas for searching molybdenum and other rare metals have been distinguished, some sites showing promise for prospecting drilling for diamondiferous diatrems (explosion pipes) in the north of Belarus have been outlined.
Sites where critical installations are planned to be constructed within the territory of Belarus were assessed for the natural and technogenic seismic hazard they may present. The geological-geophysical and seismotectonic criteria used as a basis have revealed 7 sites where the installation of a nuclear power work is possible, 1 optimum, 2 alternate and 4 reserve ones being differentiated among them.
Neogeodynamic maps of Central and East Europe were compiled at scales of 1:500,000 and 1:5,000 and may be used for designing large engineering works, forecasting seismic danger and improving the efficiency of nature protection measures. A map showing recent vertical crustal movements was compiled at a scale of 1:1,000,000.
A mathematical model has been worked out which allows to describe interaction of aliphatic aminoacids with sulfoextractant as a superposition of ion exchange and nonstoichiometric distribution of zwitterion in presence of supporting electrolytes. The model allows to calculate the optimal conditions for extraction and reextraction of aminoacids.
A catalyst has been prepared for the first time on the basis of fibrous ion exchanger with immobilized metal complexes which allows to carry out complete oxidation of hydrogen sulfide without gas mixture heating. The catalyst is of practical interest for air purification from hydrogen sulfide and may be used as an active element of individual and collective means for protection of human's respiratory organs and air purification at industrial plants.
By sintering of multimolecular (40--100 monomolecular layers) Langmuir--Blodgett films of Y-Ba-Cu stearates the ultrahigh (150--200 Ao) oxide films of superconducted type have been prepared.
Skeleton rearrangement of new type with extension of camphane cycle on two carbon atoms at once has been discovered. It occurs upon interaction of acetonitrile and a-acetylcamphene under conditions of acidic catalysis.
A principally new apparatus for air purification based on the contact of air flow in narrow slots with the wall of fibrous chemically active material has been developed. An advantage of that is a low resistance of the device to the flow with retention of high a purification degree. The mathematical model of mass exchange in "flow-wall" system has been developed.
An extremal dependence of permeability of film polyelectrolyte complexes under immobilization of one of the components in a porous membrane matrix has been observed. The effect has been used in development of methods of surface modification of capillary membranes.
An algorithm for creating artificial IR-images has been developed and on its basis a new set of decoding features has been determined in the form of 3D-model for the fields of brightness, texture and dispersion of spatial intensity distribution of various geophysical fields.
Based on high accuracy GPS-systems, a new method has been developed for investigating the movement of the Earth crust surface in the areas of geological activity.
The synthesis of new cyclic disulfone, intermediate of new thermostable luminescent dyes of bisbenzoxazole range for bleachering and dyeing polymers have been developed on the basis of industrial accessible diphenyldicarbonyc acid.
Synthesis of 4-ethoxyphenyl ether trans-4-buthylcyclohexane-carbonyc acid - an important component for regulation of viscosity of liquid crystals used in production of information reflecting manners have been developed.
Synthesis of N-alkylmorpholines based on hydroxyamination of morpholine with alcohols C16--C18 for using ones as cationic emulgators for parafines and bitumen has been developed.
Source: "Main Results of Fundamental Research. 1996--1997". Eds. F.A.Lakhvich and N.N.Kostyukovich. National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 1998.
 Academy |
| The NASB Presidium Information Server Links: | ||||
| About Academy • Organizations • Academy Activities • Other Sites • Full Index | ||||
|
History • Officers • Membership • Staff • International Relations • Academy's Prizes Departments • Institutes • R&D Activities • Research Programs • Conferences Legislation • Publications • Library • Museums • Archive • Publishing House |