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The spatial-temporal regularities of the Belarus' climate fluctuations due to the underlying surface properties, gas and aerosol atmosphere composition changes were stated.
The peat soils profiles were stated to be divided by the levels of ground waters in two parts belonging to different matter rotations: the top part is in zone of biogenic, the bottom one is in zone of geological rotation, therefore mineral soils profiles are in biogenic zone rotation completely. Those differences provide conditions and ensure the organic matter transfer from biogenic rotation into geological one in a mire media only. One of the paramount and indispensable mire function in nature is found here.
The method of indices calculation of heat conductivity of heterogeneous dispersed systems taking into account there structure was elaborated. By calculation and test methods the mutual impact of moisture transfer processes and transformation of structure in swelling natural disperse systems was demonstrated. The application of ameliorants on the basis of organogenic natural dispersed systems such as peat and sapropel was demonstrated to make efficient regulation of the radionuclides content and their mobility in a porous soils solution.
The humic acids double-stage oxidation destruction process was stated to consist of the destruction of unsteady bridge macromolecules structures at the first stage and further oxidation of more steady aromatic fragments. The peculiarities in the kinetics of the oxidation destruction were revealed depending on the geobotanic initial peat origin.
The gradients of electricity potential in natural capillar-porous surroundings for non-isothermal conditions were stated to be in proportion to the temperature gradient and to have maximal index in the sphere of hydroscopic moisture content.
The periphery fragments of humic acids structures were stated as changed first under the oxidation and hydrolytic peat destruction, resulting in carbon content increase, nitrogen and oxygen share decrease, as well as aminoacid and carbohydrate components decrease in hydrolyzates.
By modern molecular biology techniques the new data concerning the mechanism of translocation, folding and processing for the protein of mitochondrial steroid-hydroxylatinq complex have been obtained. Recombinant adrenodoxin precursor and recombinant fused protein containing N-terminal fragment of adrenodoxin reductase with modified by site directed mutagenesis precursor and C-terminal-adrenodoxin were used as a model proteins. It is shown that despite of modification of precursor sequences of adrenodoxin and fused protein the proteins are translocated into heterologous mitochondria. These experimental data represent a new information on protein transport into target organelles.
Studies on interaction of steroid and protein hormones with mono- and polyclonal antibodies in solid polymer liquid system have been carried out. As a result, a methodological approach to obtaining solid carrier-formed, biospecifically oriented and chemically stabilized polyprotein complexes capable to bind a hormone has been developed. These solid-phase reagents are intended for use in immunoassay systems as highly effective immunosorbents.
In order to develop the new means of immunodiagnostics and immune therapy of cancer the highly purified recombinant single-chain antibody scF11 capable to recognize tumor cells in vivo has been expressed and isolated. The first description of a newly established family of stable immunoglobulin states clearly different from the native antibodies in thermodynamic stability and spectrum of functional activities was provided. The results obtained suggest that these states might be physiologically relevant.
It was discovered earlier unknown transformations of condensed azinones of dibenzo[a,f]quinolizine (8-azasteroids) series under the influence of acetic anhydride, in the basis of which lie the unusual reaction of intramolecular oxidize-reductive deoxogenation. It is supposed that this reaction has a sufficiently general nature and will be used in directed transformations of various azinones very widely represented among biologically active substances of natural and synthetic origin. The received benzo[a]- and benzo[a]pyrimidino[4,5-f]quinolizines are of novel pharmaceuticals as well as for correlations of structure-activity.
The general rules of the nitrile oxide cycloaddition to a-hydroxy-D23-steroids and their 22-0-derivatives were established. It was found that the stereodirections of the reactions is realized only for 22-hydroxy-steroids, and depends on C-20, C-22 center stereochemistry and the effect of hydrogen binding with hydroxy group in the transition state.
The investigation of surfactant colloid-chemical properties revealed the correlation between the type of surfactant, interface adsorption, micellization and efficiency of their washing ability. The influence of mono- and polyatomic alcohols of different molecular weight on colloid structure of surfactant and their mixtures in solution were studied. It has been shown that the low molecular alcohols reduce the surfactant micellization and polyethylene-, polypropylenglycols sharply increase the surfactant ability to micellization and solubilization of fatty substances. The compounds of washing and cleaning means were optimized and their prescriptions with the using of industrial analogies of investigated surfactants from local raw materials were developed. The quantity of anionic and nonionic surfactants in mixture are not more than 10%.
A novel approach to preparing nanocrystalline powders of titanium dioxide, indium oxide and titanium dioxide-indium oxide heterostructures which is based on the use of sequential of the steps of ultrasound activation and aging of colloid solutions and permits to obtain oxide powders with high photocatalytic activity in the process photooxidation of chlorphenols in aqueous media. A method of preparing electrocatalytically active high-dispersive titanium dioxide modified by surface copper complexes is developed, anomalously high activity of them in the process of oxygen reduction in aqueous solutions is revealed and the perspective in the use of this TiO2 as an active element of chronoamperometric and electroluminescent sensors is shown.
A number of semisynthetic thermostable adsorbents having sorption capacity yielding not ones of individual metal hydroxides and oxides has been obtained on the basis of natural carbonate-containing silicatic raw materials and metal hydroxides (of aluminum, magnesium, copper). It has been stated that formation of pore structure of obtained samples has caused by creation of structural framework consisting of tripoly and hydroxide species in the synthesis process and formation of additional porosity between them by shrinkage of occlused gel. Revealed conformities to natural laws have been permitted to synthesize cheap sorbents yielding not in activity to synthetic ones.
As a result of investigation of the doping oxide influence on the structure and physical-chemical properties of the fluor-containing leadboronsilicate glasses and coatings the compositions of arsenicless white and blue jeweler enamels for copper alloys have been developed. It was shown that molybdenum oxide, when it presents in glasses in quantities from 2 to 5 wt-%, leads to the fluor volatilization decreasing during the glass melting and improves their corrosion resistivity. This dopant leads to the forming of the fine crystallite structure of the coatings which have the whiteness and brightness in high degree. It is established that the presence of cadmium oxide prevents the reducing of lead oxide at the glass synthesis and that its addition simultaneously with the pigments to glass ensures the obtaining of clean homogeneous enamels having blue and green colors.
The moistening, washing, emulsificating, lubricating action of the surfactants in the system with dispersion hydrocarbon medium have been studied. Revealed regularities of the formation of supermolecular structures in these systems allowed to elaborate the ecological pure plastic lubricants on the base of the local raw material (in collaboration with the Academy's Scientific Complex "A.V.Lykov Institute of Heat and Mass Transfer"). The antiadhesion composition for caoutchouk and rubber mixtures, antiburning additives and dividing covers for foundry and concrete molds have been also worked out.
Geological and geophysical models of Paleozoic rifting in Belarus have been elaborated. An asymmetric structure of the Pripyat paleorift at the upper mantle level has been determined and proved to be responsible for the preferential location of commercial oil pools in the Northern stepped zone.
Some peculiar features describing various type linear dislocations (lineaments) in the structural surfaces of the cover and the distribution of crustal vertical movement rates have been established. The main features of the river network evolution in the Oligocene, Middle and Late Pleistocene have been reconstructed.
Regional clarks of chemical elements have been calculated for the major rocks of the crystalline basement of Belarus, average background minor element contents of rock-forming and ore minerals have been determined, chemical composition of the regional Earth's crust has been refined.
The regional stereometric model showing the distribution of groundwater saturation indexes in calcite, quartz and iron minerals has been created. The carbon isotopic composition has been studied in cover deposits, natural water, vegetation and mollusk shells in order to estimate their absolute ages, to reconstruct natural environments and to assess the economic activity impact on the environmental conditions. The levels of heavy metal pollution of the urban environment in Minsk city has been assessed.
A monographic description of geochemistry of technogenic radionuclides in landscapes of Belarus has been prepared. A decisive effect of the soil solution chemical composition upon the intensity of radiocaesium transfer from soil to vegetation has been determined.
Formation of mixed proton-containing aminoacid associates in reverse micelles of polynonylnaphtalenalkylsulphonic acids and changes in the associates structure depending on the composition have been established. This will allow to develop a technology for selective extraction of aminoacids from the microbial synthesis products and natural objects.
Extraordinary high dynamic activity of fibrous sulphonic cation exchangers in water purification process has been found which allows by an order of magnitude to increase water purification rate in industrial processes.
A catalyst has been prepared for the first time on the basis of fibrous ion exchangers which allows to carry out complete hydrogen oxidation without gas mixture heating (autothermal mode). The catalyst is of practical interest for detonating mixture conversion and hydrogen energetics.
Unknown before compounds have been synthesized by condensation of terpene ketones and oximes of isocamphene and pirene series with carbonyl compounds and dimethylamine. Their molecules contain several different functional groups (amin, keton, oximin, lactam, etc.) -- the active sintons for construction of prostaglandin skeleton. Among them some substances have been revealed which have explicit antitumour activity.
A computer program has been worked out which allows to model organic molecules STM-image on a graphite surface with regard for electronic states of the substrate surface effect for interpretation of experimental results on formation of two-dimensional organized systems.
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On the basis of summarized results of experimental investigations conducted on reservoirs of Belarus by remote sensing and ground-based methods in 1992--1995, a reservoir regional optical model has been developed allowing to define with low expenses for ground support the ratio of mineral and biological components of hydrosol.
A cartographic model of lithodynamic streams in elementary geomorphosystems of Belarus (water drain reservoirs of the second order) has been developed allowing to investigate the dependence of landscape components change (soil, vegetation, etc.) on the direction and intensity of material-energy transport.
Regioselective formylation of 2-naphthol with formation of 3-formyl-2-naphthol has been carried out. The new substituted 6,7-benzocoumarines and their sulfoderivatives as water-soluble optical-bleachers, fluorescent indicators and markers have been obtained.
Selective hydrogenation of ethyl(buthyl)(4-phenylcyclohexyl)ketones up to 4-propyl(pentyl)-1-phenylcyclohexanones -- intermediates of "supertwist" crystalline liquids have been carried out.
Source: "Main Results of Fundamental Research. 1996--1997". Eds. F.A.Lakhvich and N.N.Kostyukovich. National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 1998.
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