It has been shown that pantothenic acid derivatives control the uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid by synaptic membranes as well as have capacity of stimulating coenzyme-A transport to brain mitochondrial and synaptosomal structures.
It is found that animals with either high or low tolerance to the alcohol hypnotic effect show a genetic relationship between the phenotypic signs of behavioral resistance to alcohol and intensity of aldehyde metabolism in functionally important brain structures. This indicates the neuro-chemical origin of the differences in cellular and behavioral sensitivity to ethanol. A computer method has been developed to record and analyze the neuroethological profile of individual and intrespecies behavior of animals to assess the direction of neurochemical effects on their organism.
The individual sensitivity of plasmocytes to compounds with antitumor activity has been found. It has been shown experimentally that the combined administration of cytostatic drugs with vitamins B1 and PP to animals with the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma decreases the toxicity of these drugs and increases the life-span of the animals, unchanging their antitumor effect.
By different methodological approaches it has been established that oxidative stress unaffects the conformational state of the protein component of the liver microsomal membrane but does not change the lipid bilayer structure. Under these conditions the disturbances in xenobiotic metabolism can be corrected by gamma-linoleic acid administration.
On the basis of vitamin B1 a new combined ferrocene-fragment-containing substance has been obtained which has high efficiency of antimethemoglobin production in nitrite intoxication. The preliminary administration of the substance increases the life-span of animals by 2.5-fold, which requires further studies of it as antidote in nitrite poisoning of the organism.
Studies in vitro in guinea pig hypothalamic alices revealed warm threshold neurons with a significant (2--7 min.) latency of thermoinduced excitation which may function as true thermodetectors in the brain. The short-term cooling (3 h) of rats led to a decrease in the RNA content and energy metabolism enzyme activity in neurons of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei.
Experiments in rats and guinea pigs showed that prolonged cold exposure (7 days) may result in a complex of changes in the endocrine sphere, i.e. higher functional activity of adrenal fasciculate zone, thyroid hypertrophy, and inhibition of synthetic processes in pancreatic cells.
Behavioural responses to noise in rats exposed to combined chronic action of small doses of radiation and heat were found to decrease.
Traumatic stimulation of the duodenum in rats after denervation of the gastroduodenal zone led to inhibition of sympathetic efferent impulse activity, fall in noradrenaline in the stomach, adrenals, and medulla oblongata under the conditions of increased permeability of mucosal vessels.
Involvement of some parts of ventromedial medulla in realization of vestibular influences on respiratory and cardiac function and on electrical activity of small intestine smooth muscles was found. Muscle plate fibers in the large intestine mucosa were found to be capable of regenerating.
A technique of nerve growth factor demonstration in biological fluids and tissues with a 10-11 -- 10-10 M sensitivity, applicable for clinical use, was worked out and tested.
In the 137Cs and 90Sr transfer from soil to plant, beside of the water-soluble form of their content in soil, the fulvate and -- in less scale -- the humic complexes also play an important role, as well as the radionuclides intake through the cations exchange mechanism. The types of soil, different in mineral and organic composition, influence considerably the processes of radionuclides inclusion into the food chain.
In spite of gradual self-cleaning of the atmosphere from the cesium, strontium and plutonium isotopes and wind resuspension decrease, the anthropogenic and natural factors influence these processes. So, the level of radioactive pollution of air out of the evacuation zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power station is higher than that within the zone, which is connected with the agricultural and other activities.
It was revealed that the hypofunction of thyroid strengthens the injurious effect of small radiation doses on the hormonal regulation mechanisms including the receptor systems in tissues.
The acute and chronic irradiation in small (0.25--1.0 Gy) doses in the period of the development of organism in embryogenesis leads to the disturbances of the processes of proliferation, differentiation and clone formation of a number of somatic and sexual cells. The growth of fetus delays, there are disturbances in organs' morphogenesis, accumulation in tissues of cells with low division potential, injury of their structure and appearance of chromosome aberrations which may be one of the causes of congenital growth defects.
It is found that the chronic irradiation in small doses lowers the resistance of cardiovascular system to the injurious influence on the organism of the factors of non-radiation nature.
Source: "Main Results of Fundamental Research.1995". Eds. A.M.Goncharenko and N.N.Kostyukovich. Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 1996
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