By the methods of NMR and EPR-spectroscopy the presence of polyconjugation structures in humic substances of peat and brown coals have been stated. The foretical mobility and biological activity dependence of fractions by the volume of molecular mass, electro-kinetic potential, quantity of fractional groups of the aromatic part of humic acids molecules have been stated.
On the basis of the theoretical analysis and experimental studies the mathematical models of non-isothermal moisture and water-soluble compounds transfer have been developed, as well as radionuclides transfer under natural dispersed systems freezing. The impact of phase kinetics transfer "solution versus solid phase" upon radionuclides transfer in peat systems has been revealed.
The scientific foundations of condensational method of dust-gas catching have been developed, and new peat based materials for fuel-energetic consumption have been proposed and practically realized, including the generator gas production, sewage waters and gas effluents purification, industrial equipment deactivation.
On the basis of the analysis of technophilic elements distribution in soils humic horizon the technogenic component of the total matter flow has been singled out, that allowed to assess quantitatively the anthropogenic transformation of landscapes.
The genetic classification of peat cure muds has been developed, allowing to single out groups of peat raw material, suitable of lipid-humous and humous cure muds production.
It has been found out that the peculiarity of the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen in a bogmedium is the transition of these elements from the small biological matter circulation into the great geological circulation. For this reason mires purify the atmosphere from the carbon dioxide many times more intensively than forests and meadows.
Natural brassinosteroids epibrassinolide and homobrassinolide synthesized from accessible natural sterols have been studied in regards to the effect on strontium and cesium uptake by plants. For the first time, it has been established that brassinosteroids efficiently diminished of radionuclide uptake by plants simultaneously with plant crop increasing effect. The technology of application of brassinosteroids as plant protectors was elaborated for the cases of soils with increased content of radionuclides.
Seventeen radioimmunoassay up-to-date kits allowing the functional diagnostics of thyroid gland and detection of steroids and tumor markers have been developed. All the kits are based on a modern techniques, applying a solid-phase separation system and monoclonal antibodies. Twelve kits were tested in the leading research institutions of Belarus and Russia and recommended for practical application.
By application of the set of modern methodological approaches including molecular biology techniques, new data concerning the topology of the most important enzymes of steroid hormone biosynthesis in the membrane structures of cell have been obtained. Significantly extended are the imaginations on the structure-function regularities in the mechanism of function of the enzyme system of the organism which are responsible for maintenance of hormonal homeostasis. For the first time, by using the technology of recombinant DNA, the heterologous expression of functional human cytochrome P-450c21 in E.coli have been realized with isolation and purification of recombinant protein. By using site-directed mutagenesis some mutants of human cytochrome P-450c21 have been prepared that is of primarily importance for understanding the mechanism of some hereditary diseases. As a result of investigations conducted the new direction of research -- the application of the principles of monooxygenase catalysis and recombinant DNA technology for the development of new biotechnological pathways for synthesis of physiologically active compounds -- was created.
A considerable variety of analogues of 2-5A have been synthesized and investigated in biological systems. Of these, two sets of analogues of 2-5A trimer ("core" and 5'-triphosphates) containing 9-(3-fluoro-3-deoxy-b-D-xylofura-nosyl)adenine (AF) or 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxyadenosine (AF) at different positions of the chain have been extensively studied with respect to the stereochemistry and biological properties. Several lines of evidence indicated that the stereochemistry of the trimers plays an important role in the manifestation of their immunomodulating activity and the ability to activate 2-5A-dependent endoribonuclease (RNase L). A second group of interesting "core" analogues are those contained 9-(2,3-anhydro-b-D-ribofuranosyl)adenine (ARA) and its lyxo-isomer (ALA) at the 2'(3')-terminus. It was shown that the (2',5')A2ARA at a dose of 50 µg/kg effectively prevents the rejection of the transplanted kidney in monkeys, insures the normal functioning of the transplanted organ and slows down the grows of T-helper and T-killer cells in experimental animals in postoperative period.
The chemical modifications of the natural prostaglandine (PG) structure, which have led to modifying their biological properties, have been undertaken. The prostanoids with the capasity to raise the organism sensibility to radiation have been revealed. The study of the molecular-pharmacological interrelationships in the range of synthesised PG heteroanalogues creates the rational basis for directed synthesis of tumor cell sensibilators, differing both qualitatively and quantitatively, to radiation with the goal to elaborate on their basis the effective and non-toxic drugs for raising the malignant tumor sensibility to radiation therapy.
New film-making luminescenting compositions containing oxides of Tr, Er and Eu, which can be used as optical transformers of light in electronic industry and producing sensor mechanisms, were worked out as a result of studying the process of forming silicium dioxide soles from tetraethoxisylan and aluminium hydroxide from fresh-precipitated alumohydrogel peptisized by mineral acid.
The colloid chemical properties of new cationic surfactants on the base of amine derivatives have been investigated. The correlation between the molecular structure and emulsifying ability of surfactants relative to heavy oil hydrocarbons was showed. The effective composition of bitumenous and bitumenous-latex emulsions of first type and emulsion-mineral mixtures on their base have been worked out. Using proposed works in road building allowed to decrease the expenditure of power and bitumen owing to application of cold technologies by 25--30%. The experimental-industrial works carried out in Minsk confirmed their high efficiency.
The methods of preparing structure-sensible composition materials on the basis of polyvinyl alcohol with organic acids and heteropolyacids have been developed as a result of studying the conditions of formation of film compositions with fluidity properties and changes of their properties when they are exposed to electric, magnetic and mechanic shearing forces (shearing speed). It was showed that the increase of molecular mobility of matrix fragments and stereoregularity of polymer matrix take place when referred interactions occur. The revealed regularities allowed to create the materials for protection of valuable papers and documents, sensors and membranes production.
As a result of the physical-chemical investigation of interaction between the highly-dispersed aluminium and silicate meltings it was established that aluminium surface oxide film dissolves in such alkali metal containing meltings and part of silica is subsequently reduced to the elemental silicon. This reaction leads to the forming of a fine-crystallite current-conducting structure in the bulk of the composition. In order to promote this process the temperature of melting must be higher than the aluminium melting point. The coatings formed by this method are possessed by a quite good adhesion to enameled or ceramic substrates and have small resistivity, they can be used as electric contacts for the barium-titanate cermic and as a heating stripes for the high-current loads.
The comparatively-tectonics analysis of deep structure, interior tectonics of the surface composition of the basement of typical anteclises of old platforms of the Laurasian complex was performed. The geodynamic conditions of the halokinesis zones formation and evolution were studied in the context of plate tectonics and a concept of the lithosphere rheological dissection. A valuable information was obtained on the sequence of the basement and cover deformations, initial thickness of sedimentary strata and other features of the Pripyat Trough at the synrift and postrift stages of its evolution.
A report of data on the formation of potential ore-bearing magmatic complexes of the crystalline basement of Belarus was prepared. A model of scaly-thrust structure of the Belarus-Baltic granulitic belt was developed. The geochemical and metallogenic affiliation of magmatic rocks of the Early-Cambrian granitoid formations were assessed. The distribution of accessory components (germanium, phosphorus, vanadium, chromium, cobalt, gold, etc.) in iron ores of the Okolovo deposit was also studied.
Series of medium- and large-sale lithologic facies maps of the intersalt Devonian deposits promising for oil within the North-Pripyat Shoulder was compiled. The oil presence prospects were estimated within new object promising for oil -- the North-Pripyat Shoulder and suprasalt complex of the Pripyat Trough, potential fields of diamond-bearing kimberlites and lampoites were differentiated.
The carbon and oxygen isotopes distribution was studied in various carbonate concretions and in calcareous nodular facies of the Upper-Devonian deposits of the Pripyat Trough. The first data on the sulphur isotopes distribution in sulphide minerals of Belarus coals were obtained, that opened up fresh opportunities for more detailed palaeogeographic and lithogenetic reconstructions.
Unified catalogue of seismic events of Belarus and the Baltic States corresponding to the standards of the Community of Independent States was created, main peculiarities of neogeodynamic processes in the East European Platform west were revealed. The Anthropogenic landforms were classified on the basic of system analysis; the chemical discharge values, the Anthropogenic constituent included, were calculated for rivers of Belarus. The geological, hydrogeological and seismic characteristics of concurrent localities and sites for nuclear power plants installation within the territory of Belarus were investigated.
A set of computer software for SEM-images visualization of isolated organic molecules on a surface has been developed. The method is based on the analysis of electron density distribution in the external electron orbitals of the molecule atoms.
A synthesis procedure for obtaining new hydroxynitro substitutes of 4,7-phenantrolyne by catalytic condensation of arylen-6-aminoquinolines with 2,4-hydroxy- and 3,4-nitro acetophenones has been developed. It is revealed that the substances have high potential biologic activity.
A method for criterial expression of acido-basic strength of polyelectrolytes (ion exchangers) has been suggested. It was used as a base for derivation of a general equation relating all main properties of polyelectrolyte systems and allowing a priopi calculation of any of them at the others given (degree of ion exchange, electrolyte concentration, the solution pH a.o.).
A method for synthesis of amino acid based polymers with controlled hydrophilisity has been suggested. The method is exemplified by preparation of grafted copolymers of lysine and polyasparginic acid.
A complex research was completed on studies of surface structure of polystyrene substrates and properties of the external solutions on immobilization of proteins by polymeric carriers. A scheme for immuno-ferment analysis of human's immunoglobuline G has been developed. The new method is advantageous compared to the immunodiffusion method applied in medical practice.
A new palladium catalyst of one-stage conversion of p-cresol to 4-methylcyclohexanone for production of nematic liquid crystals has been developed. A new heterogeneous catalyst of desoxigenation of carbonyl compounds for preparation of alkylcyclohexylbenzenes has been also developed. These compounds are very important intermediates for synthesis of liquid crystals.
A method for synthesis of series of new benzoxazinone luminophors has been elaborated. The compounds obtained can be used as fluorescent protection of security documents.
Analytical chemical-radiation laboratory is established equipped with up-to-date instruments as well as mobile facilities designed for field investigations and sampling. Complex methods of ecological investigation of the areas using remote sensing and mobile chemical-radiation laboratories are developed that allows to get ecological assessment of the environment state in short time. Its efficiency increases with the increase of investigation range.
Methodical grounds are developed for the creation of forest cadaster on the basis of computer technology of forest typological decoding of multiscale aerial space images.
Methods for complex ecological zoning of industrial areas concerning the rate of radiation contamination and the level of technogenic contaminants accumulation in vegetation are developed.
A method is developed for the conversion of brightness spectra of rising radiation for simultaneous restoration of concentration of the aqua medium main components which allows to minimize experiment random errors and use measuring data with maximum effectiveness.
Source: "Main Results of Fundamental Research.1995". Eds. A.M.Goncharenko and N.N.Kostyukovich. Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 1996
 Academy |
| The NASB Presidium Information Server Links: | ||||
| About Academy • Organizations • Academy Activities • Other Sites • Full Index | ||||
|
History • Officers • Membership • Staff • International Relations • Academy's Prizes Departments • Institutes • R&D Activities • Research Programs • Conferences Legislation • Publications • Library • Museums • Archive • Publishing House |