The main trends of the property relations reform and improvement of the mechanism of state influence on the development of economy including regulation of the labour market are worked out.
A conception of state regional economical policy based on real territorial division of labour, directed towards the ensurance of the optimal combination of different territorial communities interests with those of the state, and the creation of relatively equal possibilities for the population's fruitful life activity in all the Republic's regions with the aim of conservation and strengthening of political stability, territorial integrity, social and economical unity of Belarus is worked out.
The methodological approaches and methods of evaluation of state enterprises (shares) being sold to foreign investors, which are based on the application of a special course of the Belarusian rouble in foreign currency which provides observance of the economical interests of the Republic of Belarus are worked out.
The proposals on activisation of the investments in the development of production and the acceleration of reformation of the structure of Belarus' economics in the direction of an effective market economy formation are suggested.
For the first time there has been set forth and published in the collective work "Essays of the Belarusian history. Vol.1" the history of Belarus from the ancient times up to the February revolution of 1917 based on the national point of view and having at the ground the recognition of the fact of the centuries-old existence of the Belarusian ethnos as a history subject. There has been considerably revised the historic path of the Belarusian people -- the problems of ethnogenesis, formation and development of statehood, national culture, interrelations with neighbouring countries and peoples, liberation struggle. A historic truth about many events and actions of Belarus' past has been restored.
There are got new information on the Belarusian population history in the period of Iron Age and early Middle Ages. The date of the earliest fortified settlements of the pre-Slavonic population of the Belarusian Milograd culture has been defined more precisely, the chronology of the cultural monuments of the Belarusian Palesse, dated V--XI centuries, has been defined among synchronic monuments of Eastern and Central Europe.
There has been made a conclusion, that the processes of national and cultural rebirth go off in contemporary Belarus in a complicated and contradictory way. The process of rebirth is becoming slower due to the inadequate state financing of culture, that resulted in closing down a lot of libraries, clubs and other institutions of culture during the mentioned period. But the positive shifts are obvious too. The Belarusian language, traditional fests and rites are coming back into the people's life step by step. A number of theatres, ethnographic and other museums of cultural and educational type is increasing. National traditions are being actively developed in professional art. A complex analysis of cultural life in Belarus indicates, that the national rebirth process is being strengthened and the return to the past is impossible.
For the first time there has been made a complex study of the Belarusian emigration -- the part of Belarusian people who were made to leave their Motherland due to different reasons. The study was based on new documentary sources previously being inaccessible. The analysis of the reasons and character of immigrations in different historic periods has been made. There were shown a dynamics and qualitative composition of emigrants, their social and economic status, difficult process of integration into the life of settling countries. The process of the formation and activities of foreign Belarusian social, cultural, religious and other organizations, associations, institutions are being revealed. The specific character and peculiarities in the life and activities of the Belarusian Diaspora from different countries are being revealed.
The problems of overcoming the traditional philosophical reductionism in treatment of the phenomena of socio-cultural and historical reality, the objectivity of knowledge in the system of public consciousness forms, the preconditions of humanistic models formation in the contemporary scientific methodology were being solved. It is shown that every cultural and socio-historical phenomenon can find its adequate comprehension only in the system of complex inner measurements (freedom, authorship, autonomy, will, choice etc.). The problems of scientific cognition in the system of socio-humanistic values were also investigated. Perspectiveness of the "non-classical gnoseology" in which cognitive forms are organically included into the concrete socio-cultural whole is shown.
A complex study of the historical process of the Belarusian ethical thought development was being continued. The nature and the inner logic of continuity of the spiritual culture of Belarus in the epochs of Christianity, the Renaissance, the Enlightenment and in the populistic ethics of toiling masses are revealed. The essence and character of manifestation of the principle of hierarchism in the ethical thought of Kiev Rus was investigated, its fundamental importance in the structuralization of consciousness and social relations in the Middle Ages has been studied. The problem of morality and politics relation in the public consciousness of Belarus in the XIII--XV centuries was shown, a description of the moral norms of those times as a complex combination of Christian and mythological notion was given. An analysis of the Belarusian enlighteners' ethical views of the early XVIIth century has been carried out, demands for the many-sided development of the personality principles, for deviation from the traditional ideals of asceticism were shown. The peculiarities of the class corporative morality as a complex spiritual cultural and socio-utilitarian formation were revealed, which was a compromise and contradictory result of combination of the absolute universalism of Christian morality with the requirements of the class hierarchical feudal system. The system of ethical views of the national Renaissance representatives of the late XIXth and early XXth centuries has been regenerated (the idea of patriotic service, man's moral duty to the people, the principle of noble activity in the name of freedom and development of national culture).
The work on perfection of the institutions of national Labour law was being carried out.
A more effective procedure of collective labour conflicts settlement was recommended which contributes to prevention of strikes as the most radical form of such conflicts. A proposal was made on the expediency of concretization of the pre-court order of consideration of individual labour disputes at the level of the law. New institutions which were absent in the previous legislation have been worked out, namely the social partnership, the contract as a form of labour agreement, the employer's responsibility for violation of the labour legislation, the organizational forms of mutual relations between the employed and the employers etc. New legal norms of the institution "Women's labour" were formulated and theoretically grounded with the aim of securing a better realization of the rights and privileges of women-mothers. The legal foundation of a new system of organs of supervision and control in the field of Labour law has been carried out.
The conceptual correction and empirical control of the usefulness of previously elaborated theory of the extreme processes in the political, economic, social and cultural spheres of the society are undertaken. Changes in social expectations, orientations and life positions of different social groups, their attitudes towards power structures are established. The main tendencies of the transformation processes in social, cultural and political spheres are determined.
The understanding of the mechanism of motivation and stimulation as the integral system, which evokes the appropriate inducements and ensures their realization is grounded. Its main elements such as norms, subjectivity of the participants of the activity, accessibility of stimuli, legitimacy of means, real estimate of the contribution are revealed.
The general situation in the sphere of culture in Belarus, its peculiarities in different regions of the Republic, the cultural and ethnic tendencies in the development of some ethnic minorities are determined. The stable conscious self-identification of the respondents has been revealed. At the same time, it was established that the cultural dominant becomes the major one in the ethnic self-identification.
The experimental confirmation of the four-component structure of the internality has been received. The characteristics of the nervous state, spontaneous and reactive aggression, depression, irritation and reactivity are found out among personal indices of the active behavior. The reduced models of the rate scales, which may be used for sociological surveys are elaborated for all components of the internality. The dominant foundations in the content of the ethnic identity for the representatives of different national groups are found out.
It was established that from the beginning of the 90th years the depopulation tendencies in Belarus took place: there was the catastrophic fall of the birth rate, the growth of the morbidity and mortality (particularly among men), the process of the families destruction acquires much more socially deformed character. The population's demographic behavior (reproductive and self-protective) experiences the strong negative influence because of the fall of the standard of life, of the devaluation of the previous values, of the Chernobyl accident consequences. The strengthening of the disadaptation and social apathy are expressed in the instability of the conjugal and family relations, the growth of the asocial behavior as well as the increase of the negative genetic material.
The conditions of development of the Belarusian ethnos in the XVII--XVIII centuries, the changes in social structure of the Belarusians, the confessional situation in Belarus in this period, the forms of activities of charitable companies and estate and professional clubs, the festive culture in the XIXth century, the evolution of public and family mode of life in the XXth century, the historical, political and demographic development of formation, the changes in folklore and religion in the XXth century have been investigated.
The important questions of spiritual life of the Belarusians have been investigated. The composition and representational means of 'Kupalle' and harvest songs have been analyzed, the poetics of the Belarusian love song have been investigated, the regional and local features of the wedding poetry are revealed. The problems of the Belarusian mythology are investigated. The monographs 'The Mysteries of Folk Song' and 'The Light of Mystic Bonfire' have been published.
For the first time the comparative description of word formation in Russian and Belarusian languages was studied. A full and consecutive description of word-building systems of close cognate languages, the specific character of their organization were revealed. The comparison was made on the basis of Russian language, the word-building formant was taken as a descriptive unit and within its boundaries there were analyzed all the possible types of coincidence and non-coincidence.
On the basis of analysis of phonetic, phonological and morphological systems of Belarusian, Russian and Ukrainian languages there are shown common and specific features of the sound order of each language, as well as the peculiar features of the phonological and morphological units differentiating the sense. The investigation has shown that considering the Belarusian language on the Eastern Slavonic background helps to reveal its specificity more deeply. There are analyzed not only the divergences and similarities of the Eastern Slavonic languages sound order, but also the historical information on the processes of language development, inner logic and interdependence of the existing phonetic, phonological and morphological phenomena is adduced.
In the collection 'The Chernobylers speak' there are taken together the dialect and ethnolinguistic materials of the local sublanguage, which is now totally or partially destroyed due to the Chernobyl accident. The book consists of the processed dialect texts and dialect lexics selection spread on the territory suffered of the Chernobyl accident and the articles about phenomena and peculiarities of the local traditional spiritual culture.
The monograph 'The Lexicology of Modern Belarusian Literary Language' was published in which there were investigated the main concepts of dialectology and the ways of Belarusian language word-stock formation on different historic stages are tracted. The thematic, lexical and semantic groups of words and semantic fields are described. The lexics is analyzed according to the grade of stylistic differentiation, active and passive composition.
'The Russian--Belarusian Dictionary of Agricultural Terminology' including more than 70,000 terms was published. It refer to different branches of agricultural production, as well as to the other branches closely connected with agriculture. The terminology of flora and fauna is also widely represented.
For the first time in the Belarusian literature science a comprehensive examination of all corps of multilingual Belarusian polemical publicistic writing in the period of late Renaissance and early Baroque has been made. A singular philosophical, cultural, historical as well as literary and artistic richness of the Belarusian literature, some particularities of the synthesis of Antique, Greek, Byzantine and national traditions in this literature have been thoroughly exposed. On the basis of new and more objective positions the juridical, legal, historical and confessional aspects of the Brest Union of 1596 are characterized.
The significant observations and conclusions have been made in the study of the Belarusian chronicles. The sources, authorship, historical plots, and time of the origin of some chronicles have been more exactly defined. New telling arguments have been found to revise the existing conception of the East Slavic chronicles of XV century. It concerns not only more accurate definition of sources, interdependence between different version of the chronicles, but also argumentation of the reasons and place of the origins of the most important state chronicles.
Important results have been achieved in the field of investigation of the modern Belarusian literature. A new conception of its formation as an organic duality of its Polish and Belarusian sources has been successfully worked out. The equivalence of the Belarusian and Polish sources, determined by cultural and historical life of the Belarusians of that time has been registered. An unique documentary material, concerning the life and activity of Kastus Kalinowski and Frantishak Bahushevich has been collected and carefully commented. The fruitful search of some unknown works and written sources have been undertaken.
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The third, revised and enlarged edition of the digest 'Political parties and public political movements in Belarus' has been prepared and published. It includes the documents of all operating political parties as well as the main public political organizations, and a list of non-governmental organizations.
Source: "Main Results of Fundamental Research.1994". Eds. A.M.Goncharenko and N.N.Kostyukovich. Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 1995
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