The mechanism of migration and transfer of humic substances by thin water films in soils and grounds has been found. The process of humic substances distribution on fractions of various colloid-chemical properties has been substantiated and experimentally proved. On the basis of ion-exchangeable and hydrophilic peat properties, sapropels and humic substances at different conditions of their physical-chemical modification, the preparation to protect soils and grounds from technogenesis products pollution have been designed.
A functional link between the coefficients of effective diffusion and the distribution coefficients of water-soluble compounds in moist dispersion systems has been revealed. A mathematical model of water-soluble compounds and radionuclides transfer in natural dispersion systems has been arranged, which accounts the diffusion and convection transfer, as well as the dynamics of water-soluble compounds mass exchange.
The catalytic impact of mineral part upon outcome of carbon monoxyde under interaction of volatile products with coke-ash residue when fossils are subjected to thermolysis, has been revealed. On the basis of hydrolytic peat extraction, carbonic adsorbent-ion-exchangers have been elaborated for final purification of sewage waters from metal ions and organic admixtures.
The assessment of the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors upon climate changes formation and extreme climate phenomena (droughts, inundations, severe and warm winters) has been done. Linear and non-linear statistics models variants have been worked out to forecast the annual average air temperature. The concept and principles of ecological-geographical informational system construction have been developed to assess the states of nature-territorial complexes and to provide the nature-consumption and nature-protective activity. A mathematical model of water ecosystem functioning, simulating carbon circulation, as well as nitrogen and phosphorum, and enabling to forecast results of anthropogenic impact on water ponds has been created.
The criteria of ecologically safe production processes of sapropels excavation and restoration of silted ponds have been proposed and substantiated, and proper equipment has been designed. The genetic types of lake-mire complexes have been revealed and regularities of bottom sediments contamination with radionuclides in lakes of Belarus have been found. By EPR-spectroscopy the starting moment of formation of the top-molecular structures of humic substances have been stated in the vegetation tissues humification. It has been stated that drainage of a peat deposit speeds up "maturing" of humic acids. In spite of 1.5--2.0-fold increase of their outcome when peat is ultra-fined, both poly-conjugated aromatic system structure and other humic acids classification features are being preserved.
The basic ability of formation of the resource-saving ecologically safe sod peat extraction technology has been substantiated, allowing to enhance by 1.5--1.8 times a deposit utilization coefficient.
An experimentally grounded concept of plasma transport proteins has been developed. According to this concept, the components of the system and thyroid hormones participate in a common equilibrium and possess similar elements of the active structure, but each protein has its specific binding locus on the membrane of competent cells and performs individual function of selective delivering one of the thyroid hormones to a specific tissue.
For the first time evidence is presented showing that the stereochemistry of (2'--5')oligoadenylates plays an important role in immunomodulated activity of this class of compounds.
The heterological expression in cell cultures of Esherichia coli and Sacharomyces cerevisee of wild and mutant proteins of P-450-dependent steroid-hydroxylating system from adrenal cortex (cytochrome P-450c21, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, adrenodoxin reductase, adrenodoxin, adrenodoxin precursor) have been carried out. The expressed proteins were purified and characterized in respect to their physical-chemical and catalytic properties.
In order to receive the bioregulators, increasing resistance of organism to external and internal irradiation, the synthesis and study of biological activity of new heteroprostanoids (35 compounds), containing N, S, O atoms in different position of prostane skeleton, were carried out. The results of biological investigations give the possibility to make an assumption about the role of structural fragments in specifical and nonspecifical radioprotective activity and to lay down the ways of recepting new chemical-pharmaceutical products.
The physical-chemical principles of the synthesis of thermostable porous adsorbents with spinel structure, what have high adsorption and catalytic activity in concentrating and following deep oxidation of organic substances have been developed. The synthesized materials have perspective to use as adsorbents-catalysts for rendering harmless of toxic admixtures in gas wastes of different industries and also as catalysts of high-temperature processes.
On the basis of study of structure forming regularity and properties of hydrated zirconia hel composition with alumina or zirconia fibres a dense ceramic material has been obtained. Its compression strength is 2.5--4 times more than that for analogous engineering ceramics.
As a result of study of regularity of the processes of cellulose esterification a technology of pine and deciduous timber sorts modification which provides fire and biological resistance materials has been developed. The technology was tested and introduced in the Belarusian State Folk Architecture and Household Museum and on its basis in co-operation with the A.V.Lykov Institute of Heat and Mass Transfer the ecologically safe production of bridger bars and sleeper terated with an antiseptic is being organized at Borisov Sleeper Impregnation Plant.
The optimal conditions for formation of the coarse-grained superconducting ceramic products with homogeneous microstructure, high critical current density (over 600 A/cm2 in zero magnetic field at temperature of 77 K), and a complex of other properties, allowing to use this products as effective superconducting screens in magnetic fields and targets for laser and magnetron depositions superconducting films were investigated by studying of compositions, structure, and degree of dispersion of press-powders on the basis of YBa2Cu3O7-xoperations of shock compression and heat treatment after that.
A new stratigraphic scheme of the Pleistocene of Belarus has been developed. The geochemical properties and evolution conditions of Holocene soils in the Pripyat River valley have been revealed, and a relationship between chemostratification of lacustrine deposits and the climate cyclic recurrence has been established.
On the basis of a comparative analysis of Laurasian anteclises, it was proved that anteclises usually show the thickest and lightest crust, as compared to the other tectonic structures.
The maps showing total amplitudes of neotectonic deformations in the East European platform west and the Earth's surface resistance to anthropogenic impacts have been compiled. It was proved that topo- and cosmolineaments located within Belarus reflect a network of disturbances other than faults and dissimilar to each other.
The main regular features of facies and paleogeographic belonging of amber accumulations among Paleogenic deposits of Belarus' south-west have been determined, and regional criteria of their prediction have been elaborated. The spatial and genetic mechanisms of mineral water formation in Belarus have been elucidated.
On the basis of studying the accessory carbonate minerals from saliferous strata of the Pripyat Trough, a phenomenon of oxygen isotopic inversion during concentration of evaporite brines has been substantiated, and a degree of dolomite stoichiometry formed as a result of a chloride type halogenesis has been determined.
It is determined that J2immobilization into the Langmuir--Blodgett films of polyvinyl alcohol amphiphilic derivatives (polyvinyl octals, polyvinyl butyrals, polyvinyl stearates) is carried out by chemical adsorption with formation of a complex which changes the order in polymer crystal lattice, that allows to increase elasticity of the formed thin-film materials.
A comparison region of multicomponent solutions with antibiotics of aminoglycoside row on gentamycini as an example has been found, in which their selective interaction with liquid sulphocationic exchanger proceeds, that gives opportunity to develop a new technology of their extraction from the products of microbiological synthesis.
A new rearrangement, extending capability of the directed organic synthesis of practically valuable compounds has been discovered. It has been shown for the first time that E-isomer of 2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene-4-one (Verbenone) oxyme not only undergoes the Beckman rearrangement into lacktame under the effect of the concentrated sulphuric acid in acetonitryle solution, but selectively transforms into unknown before 5,8,8-trimethyl-2-aza-3-oxo-4,6-sultonobicyclo[3.2.1]octane as the result of skeleton rebuilding with addition of sulphuric acid.
A new method of mechanical and chemical activation for natural polymers has been developed.
It is shown that mechanical treatment of their solutions can accelerate dissolution and change the property of solutions in favour of their practically valuable properties. On the basis of this method a technology of mechano-chemical activation of reagents, used in production of KCl, has been developed and brought into practice.
Estimation criteria for structural heterogeneity of statistical spatial polymeric networks have been developed, and by computer modelling their estimation was carried out for the most probable structural fragments of styrene and divinylbenzene sulphurized copolymers used as ion-exchangers. It is shown that correspondence in properties of actual ion-exchangers with their computer models is observed only in that case if a cross-agent molecule contains a functional group.
The preparation method and technology of 4-alkoxy-4-biphenyl-carbonitriles, the nematic liquid crystallines used in alphanumeric indicators and other electrooptical equipment for information display, have been elaborated.
The edaptocenotic and ecological principles for cadaster compilation of forest cover representing formation-typological diversity of forest communities are developed on the basis of decoding of multitemporal aerial-space material, that promotes the process of data acquisition for operative cadaster maintenance and simplifies the cadaster conducting.
Based on the statistical material a procedure is developed for determination of granulometric composition of turf-podzolic and podzolic soils for potassium-40 which is defined by remote techniques.
The procedure allows to considerably simplify and accelerate the process of soil cartography, evaluation of soil quality, humidity and ecological state.
Source: "Main Results of Fundamental Research.1994". Eds. A.M.Goncharenko and N.N.Kostyukovich. Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 1995
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