A method of enzyme electrophoresis for analysis of 20 genes of siver fir (Abies alba Mill.) was worked out, and 36,600 electrophoretic test analyses of haploid tissues of megagametophytes of seeds and diploid tissues of embryos were carried out. The multi-locus genotypes of 186 individual trees of Picea abies, 11 ones of Abies alba and 50 ones of Pinus sylvestris were established.
The notable differences in 137Cs migration rate in different types of soil and under various moistening conditions were revealed. In particular, if the soil moistening increases and the upper soil horizon contains a peat layer, the migration becomes more intensive. It is also found that the content of 137Cs in litter and 5-cm soddy podzolic or sandy soils on which mainly Pineta pleuroziosum grows is equal to 95% of its general content in soil, and that in humic gley, eluviated gleysolic and peaty podzolic gley damp soils mainly occupied by Glutinosa-Alnetum urticosum, Pineta plytrichosa and Pineta ledosum is equal to 67%.
It is established that increasing industrial impact on natural forests consisted of pines and birches leads to decrease of sizes of plots under these stands, in particular those under pine ones.
The heterosis effect on productivity characters was revealed in triticale hybrids F1 produced on the basis of dihaploid lines. The diallel crossing system of these lines determined superdominant effects as a major type of gene action in controlling neoplasm induction in another culture. It is established that the increase in callus-embryoidogenesis is associated with an increase in dominant gene number.
The differences in F2 phenoclass relationship, frequency of recombinant hybrid individuals, sister chromatid exchanges, heterochromatin polymorphism of chromosomes and recombinogenic activity of various chromosomes of barley and wheat genomes were revealed between instable genotypes and their initial varieties and hybrids in wheat and barley plants. The instable genotypes and hybrids were shown to have, as a rule, agronomically important advantages.
The bacteria strain, constitutive in nitrogen fixation and releasing ammonium into the environment, was engineered by introducing Klebsiela pneumonia regulatory gene of nitrogen fixation into the earlier produced hybrid of Azotbacter and Pseudomonas bacteria. As a result of field trials in barley and spring wheat it was shown that the preparation rhizophyll D, produced on its basis, protected plants against root rots at a level of a pecticide 'Baitan-universal'. It makes it possible to propose application of rhizophyll D for plant protection against root rots with the purpose of partial substitution of an imported expensive pesticide. (In cooperation with the Belarusian Research Institute of Plant Protection.)
When analyzing the ability of some biogenic stimulators to protect chromosomes of animal cells (mice) against damages induced by light ionizing radiation, it was revealed that administration of immunomodulator T-activine leads to an expressed repair of radiation-induced damages in genetic structures. The results obtained are of great importance for genotherapy of persons exposed to ionizing radiation, for protection against development of hereditary diseases and cancer.
The specificity of major nuclear Lr-gene expression of wheat resistance to brown rust is shown against a background of alien cytoplasms. The revealed fact of change in expression or transmission of major Lr-gene of resistance can be used in selection for immunity.
It was originally demonstrated that initial stages of para- and metaphthalate ester degradation, namely of diallylterephthalate, dibutylterephthalate, diethylterephthalate, diallylisophthalate by bacteria Rhodococcus erythropolis, Rhodococcus ruber, Rhodococcus maris occur via tere- and isophtalic acids, respectively, and further mediated by benzoic, paraoxybenzoic and protocatechuoic acid, where benzene ring is split by orthomechanism. The substantiation of the possibility for microbial degradation of phthalic acids by Rhodococcus bacteria resulting in full mineralization of phthalate molecules would enable to apply it in ecologically safe processes of producing metabolic intermediates and in disposal of polyester and copolyester fibre effluents.
The antioxidative properties of xylotrophic basidiomycetes were studied, and a notion of enhanced status of white-rof fungi as biochemical adaptation for surviving under oxidative stress caused by free-radical reactions proceeding in the course of lignin degradation was formulated.
The method of sharp increasing (up to 95-100%) the yields of low-efficient reactions of pyrimidine nucleoside synthesis catalyzed by bacterial nucleoside phosphorylases has been elaborated. The procedure envisages supplying into reaction mixture of barium pentafuranoso-1-phosphate as donor of carbohydrate moiety. The technique tested with ribothymidine and 5-bromvinil-2'-deoxyuridine may lay the basis for technologies of analogous and alternative modified pirimidine nucleosides.
The b,g-subunits of fransducin were shown to activate phospholipase C responsible for the formation in photoreceptor cell of secondary messengers, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphat and diacylglycerol that indicates the participation of fransducin in activation both cyclic mononucleotide cascade and retinal disc phosphoinositide metabolism.
Using infiltration of labeled precursors into green leaves of barley and its mutants lacking chlorophyll b it has been shown that mutant plants have an enzyme system for intercorversion of chlorophylls a and b in the same extent as the wild types. The conclusion was made that the mutation takes place at the level of synthesis of polypeptide(s) binding chlorophyll b in light-harvesting complexes.
It has been shown that chlorophyll formation intensity under deetiolation correlates not with size and substrate provision with intraplastid protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (PCR) pool, but with a degree of photoresistance of this enzyme, depending on rate of pigment apparatus assembly at the beginning of the greening. The PCR incorporation into forming irradiation etiolated leaves system of the chlorophyll biosynthesis is considered as one of the important regulation section of this process.
It is ascertained that an abolishment of the membrane potential of rat brain synaptosomes under a high concentration of the internal sodium leads to a decrease in activity of sodium pump evaluated by specific binding of ouabain and ouabain-sensitive 86Rb uptake. The thermal damage of membrane carcass proteins (at 49 oC) in rat erythrocytes blocks osmotic-induced Na, K, Cl-cotransport and stimulates the volume-dependent K, Cl-contransport. The results support and advance the concept on an important regulatory role of strained structural states of the membranes generated by electrochemical, osmotic potentials and by membrane carcass.
The results of studies of the main trends in and mechanisms of human-induced changes of faunistic complexes were used for development of principles and scientific bases for forecasting the state of the main economically valuable and biocenotically vital groups and species of aquatic and terrestrial animals. The structure of State Cadaster of Animals in Belarus is developed and rules of its updating are worked out, which made the basis for creation and implementation of the national strategy in conservation, investigation, and management of animal biodiversity.
The initial stage of estimating radioactive contamination of the fauna have completed and trends in its variations have been followed in the zone of Chernobyl nuclear accident. It is shown that after an essential decrease of the radionuclide contents in animal organs and tissues observed in the first years after the accident, the radiocontamination level has become relatively stable against the background of interspecies and individual variability of mozaically contaminated habitats. In the radionuclide contaminated areas alienated from economic use, the main characteristics of the structure formation of animal zoocenoses and populations lie in increase of the number and species diversity in many animal groups of terrestrial ecosystems, appearance of some rare species, changes of the zoocenose structures. The parasitic situation in the alienation and evacuation zone is found to be increasingly stressed.
The main concepts of landscape herpetology have justified as a new research trend, investigating the correlation of the composition, structure and intraspecies variability of herpetocomplexes with natural and anthoropogenic heterogeneity of landscapes. For the first time, using vast materials, it has been found that parameters of the morphometric and phenogenetic structure of populations correlate with the environment and landscape to a great extent. The interspecies variability and structure of faunistic complexes are determined by the landscape and environment, which is of key importance for the pattern of space structure of the ranges of occurence of species and associations and is important for development of the theory of populations and ecosystems evolution.
On the basis of the comparative analysis of ancient groups of vegetation and contemporary plants an original theory of the origin of the higher plants has been proposed.
An effect of different factors on the productivity optimization of agrocenose was studied. It was shown that space structural changes with the same components proportion induce changes in the direction of productivity processes. As this takes place, the level of biomass acception of different plants components is determined by their concurrence ability and adaptation properties.
The investigation of growth regulators and their influence on plants was made. It was shown that the action of different synthetic regulators reflected on the level of determinated cell metabolism rebunthesis.
The new quality of endogenous steroid glycosides -- the ability to regulate the growth and increase of plants tolerance at the cost of their hormonal-similar activity and accumulation of the phenol protective substances in the sickness plants was determined.
The vector plasmid pC27-xy, containing glicoisomerase gene, was constructed. The transformation of the Nicotiana tabacum plants was carried out, and transgen lines with testified glucoisomerasa activity were chosen. (In cooperation with the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences.)
A collection of the new annual plant amarantha (Amaranthaceae), which is a valuable fodder and food culture, was set up for the first time in the Republic. The ecological and biological features of amarantha were carefully studied and it is going to be introduced into culture in Belarus.
On the basis of long-term investigations (1975--1993) the regularity of geographical, edaphological and anthropological factors on spreading, functioning and harmfulness of fungi, which provoke putrefactive diseases of coniferous species within the limits of mixed forests of the middle and the south taiga, of the north-west of the Russian plain, of Russia, Latvia and Belarus was determined. Convergence of phytopathological processes of fir and pine artificial plantings of non-forest regions was proved. Recomendations of coniferous species protection from putrefactive diseases were worked out.
Source: "Main Results of Fundamental Research.1992--1993". Eds. A.M.Goncharenko and N.N.Kostyukovich. Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 1994
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