The comparative analysis of the main national models of market economy (North-American, European, Japanese) has been carried out, and on its basis the aims, the principles and the main features of mixed economy conformably to the conditions of the Republic of Belarus have been formulated.
The complex estimation of the damage, caused to the Republic of Belarus by the catastrophe at the Chernobyl nuclear power station, has been made, and the main directions of different use of natural resources on the polluted territory have been scientifically grounded. The recommendations on the usage of production-economical potential and the development of productional forces in the polluted regions, the principles and methods of the territorial organization of production and social sphere have been worked out. The estimation of socio-economical effectiveness of the main arrangements on the liquidation of Chernobyl catastrophe's consequences has been also made.
On the well-founded source basis a study was made of the peasant's landowninig and land tenure in Belarus of XVI--XVII centuries, the dynamics of the development of the peasant's allotment, and how the peasants have been provided by land in state, private and church property. In particular, despite of the official Soviet historiography of the 30's--80's, which depicted the Belarusian peasant as landless and without his own house-keeping, it has been shown the peasant's aspiration for the expansion his allotment for the extent, that he could cultivate, and fulfill the set obligations giving the peasant an opportunity to provide his family and have the sufficient profit.
On the basis of documentary sources last time founded the process of the proclamation of the Belarusian People Republic and formation of the Belarusian SSR has been depicted in a new light. The conclusion was made that all the questions, connected with the process of the BSSR formation, have been settled not in Belarus, but in Moscow, proceeding from the political requirements.
Party underground and partisan movement in Minsk region of Belarus during 1941--1944 were investigated. The activity of the underground regional, city, interdistrict and district committees of KP(b)B of Minsk region in guiding the partisan movement was considered. The process of origin and formation of the underground city committee of KP(b)B under the leadership of I.K.Kovalev was depicted in a new light.
The history of repressions against the Belarusian peasantry in 1928--1934 and the position of the BSSR leadership in solving the 'peasant's question' in the second half of 20's -- beginning of 30's was analyzed.
The dynamics of stability and variability of forms of thinking, their gnoseological function, descriptive and proscriptive characteristics were analyzed along with the mechanisms of action of scientific and gnoseological value purposes in working out of the methods of investigation in typical cognitive situations. The internal and external structure of cognitive activity and subject forming qualities of man, the correlation of a scientist's self-dependence and functionality with scientific communities were considered.
One-sidedness of Christian and humanistic teachings of man revealed and the natural elimination of that one-sidedness in the philosophy of socialism was shown. The theoretical-methodological aspects of the problem of objective ontological sources of moral development of personality and the dialectical interaction of social and class principles with those common to all mankind in moral sphere were investigated.
The problem of the conception of sovereignty and the guarantee of its realization as well as the correlation of the state sovereignty and the national one was investigated. The content of the principle of power division and forms of its realization and the powers of the government of Belarus were revealed. The organizational and legal problems of privatization in the building sphere were worked out. The organizational and legal forms of the activity of Local Soviets, the problems of increase of their effectiveness were analyzed.
The role of law principles in the process of formation and development of the legislation of the Republic, in determination of its tasks, aims, content and tendencies of development, in the formation of the system of legislative acts and creation of a better mechanism of law creativity was revealed. The main principles ensuring the Republic's sovereignty, the priority of a personality's interests and the ensurance of its rights and freedom, the validity of law and its supremacy in the system of legislative acts were investigated. The process of development of the principles of legal proceedings and its role in the ensurance of rights and freedoms of citizens was analyzed, and the role and place of the justice responsibility in the system of law principles was shown.
The dynamics of ethnic and cultural processes and international relations, socio-political orientations and positions of various population's groups in Belarus under the State's independence and development of market relations have been studied.
The effect of motivation and stimulation mechanism of the economic activity was analyzed. The factors which predeterminate the backwardness and conservatism of the economic consciousness, its contradiction and its hinder influence on work activity and its motivation under the privatization of State's property and transition to the market relations are also analyzed.
The interactions of mental activity of scholars with peculiarities of cognitive style and motivation were studied. There has been chosen six new characteristics of the situational and personal alarm, and four indices of subjective control in the subjective estimate by the population of their state. According to the subjectively surviving estimates of their situation the individuals need psychological support, the estimation of its effectiveness may by made at psycho-physiological, psychological and socio-psychological levels.
A study was made of the influence of socio-economic peculiarities of transitional period (the economic crisis, the break of the whole scientific field, etc.) on the state of science in the society. The trends of the development of scientific potential of the Academy of Sciences of Belarus and conditions of its conservation were analyzed. The analysis of migration's purposes and the model of work behavior of Academy's scientists was made. The surroundings, the keenness perception of social protection and the perspectives of scientific activity are also studied.
The monuments of art culture on the territory of Belarus, which are stored in museums' funds or are at usage of religious communities have been investigated. Detailed catalogues with the description, attribution and photographs of the monuments of arts, arts- and crafts, and folk arts of Belarus have been compiled. All the materials have been classified according to geographical and thematic principles. It is planned to publish the multi-volume work entitled 'Monuments of Art of Belarus', which shall illustrate the richest historical and cultural inheritance of the Belarusian people.
The 40th volume entitled 'Poetry of the Belarusian Agricultural Calendar' and the 41st one entitled 'Exorcisms' of the fundamental code of the Belarusian folklore were published. For the first time they give the scientific analysis and publish the folklore materials, in which the inner world of the people, its world outlook, spiritual interests and aspirations are shown. In general, the code of the Belarusian folklore presents the huge riches of verbal, popular-theatrical creativity of Belarusians, shows the extraordinary artistic talent of the people.
The historic and ethnographic analysis of the ethnic history, material and spiritual culture, and the mode of life of Belarusians is now beeing carried out. The manuscript entitled "Belarusians. Vol.1. Industrial and handicraft activities" has been prepared in which the formation and development of businesses (forestry, hinting, agriculture, fishery, etc.) and crafts (woodworking, weaving, pottery, etc.) are investigated, their role in the economy of Belarusians throughout the history and their influence on everyday life are analyzed, the technological folk traditions and their local peculiarities are discussed, and the variety of industrial businesses and crafts of Belarusians are demonstrated.
The general concept of a new edition of 'The Grammar of the Belarusian Language' has been worked out. The Grammar will have an important practical application as a reference guide on word-changing, world-building, syntax, orthoepy and phonetics of the modern Belarusian language for those involved in its systematic study.
The 3rd issue of the lexical and word-building series of the 'Slavic Linguistic Atlas' entitled 'The World of Plants' has been prepared. This work is of great historical and cultural value, because it shows the place of the Belarusian language in the Slavic ones. For the first time in the history of Slavic linguistics the linguists of all the Slavic world have carried out a study of all the dialects of their languages on the basis of a common program and a common transcription.
A complex scientific analysis of the modern Belarusian orthography, especially of those specific aspects, which are most often criticized in native and foreign periodicals, has been given. It has been proved that Belarusian orthography does not need the radical changes, but only the improvement.
The life (Zhitie) genre, one of the most popular in the literature of the medieval Belarus, was studied for the first time in Belarusian literary criticism with a systematic scientific approach. 10 hagiographical works have been identified and their content was analyzed in details. Their content is considered as an important part of the spiritual heritage of Belarus. This fact broadens the outlook on the ancient origins of our national literature. For the first time in the medieval scientific literature the well-known genre kinds, the 'biais' and 'martyrologium', and such rare ones as the 'logos', 'thaumagraphs', 'tales on the finding of relics' have been investigated and all of them have been attributed. A specific historical, literary, textological and critic study was also made of the above-mentioned works of the Belarusian hagiographical literature (e.g. problems of origin, dating, authorship, idea content, image-bearing expression, history of text, etc.).
A new thorough textological, historical and literary study of the artistic heritage of M.Garecki and P.Brouka was made. The edition of their works in 6 volumes (M.Garecki) and in 9 volumes (P.Brouka) was completed, which are the first scientifically commented editions of these writers in the Republic. The work in the state and private archives, the examination of periodical editions, some of which are today a bibliographical rarity, permitted to find and to introduce into practice a lot of unknown works of M.Garecki and P.Brouka.
Source: "Main Results of Fundamental Research.1992--1993". Eds. A.M.Goncharenko and N.N.Kostyukovich. Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 1994
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