On the basis of model estimation and experimental data it is shown that under the influence of anthropogenic factors the possible scenario of climate change in Belarus is temperature and precipitation increase on the most part of the Republic's territory.
The possibility of producing biologically active lipids from peat by means of liquid carbon dioxide is shown, what enables one to exclude certain stages in the existing method and to lessen energy consumption in the production of preparations for medical and cosmetic industry.
By modifying polyacrylonitrile a highly efficient ion exchange fibrous sorbent is produced with the exchange capacity of 6--6.5 mg-equiv./g for a number of heavy two-valent cations, regeneration of which requires 5--6 times less sulphuric acid than regeneration of granulated peat sorbent.
It has been proved that model compositions on the basis of waxes should be considered as heavy solutions in which the ingredients co-exist as independent phases. It made possible to develop the mathematical model for calculating the wax composition ingredients for investment casting with predetermined physical-mechanical properties, including the use of highly dispersed peat or sapropel.
The structural organization of transcortin receptor isolated from syncytoiotrophoblast membranes has been studied. It has been shown that a subunit of the receptor molecule, which is responsible for recognizing the glycoprotein molecule, interacts directly with transcortin oligosacharide chains.
A highly efficient pharmaceutical compound has been found allowing to modulate the immune response of mammals, including humans. It can be used for immuno-suppression, after organ transplantation, for the treatment of autoimmune, viral and lymphocytic tumor diseases and other ones wherein immunomodulation is clinically advantageous. The radioimmunological test-system for monitoring of the level of the compound in biological fluids has been also developed.
To develop the lipid therapeutic agent for heavy metal and radionuclide elimination from human and animals, the method of phosphatidylethanolamine preparation is elaborated, the chemical modification of lipid by complexones is performed, and the lipid including chelating group is obtained.
A new approach for obtaining the so-called 'single-chain' antibodies (i.e. recombinant antigen binding proteins) to malignant tumors markers by means of genetic engineering has been developed.
The unique ecologically safe biorational pesticides have been developed on the base of fundamental investigations of chemistry and biological action of brassinosteroids. The compounds increase the yield and quality of agricultural crops and enhance their stability to unfavourable factors of environment being employed at dose 10--50 mg/ha. The first substance of this group of phytohormones -- epibrassinolide -- has received the permission for practical use in agriculture.
On the basis of the adsorption-structural and physical-chemical investigations the mechanism of the formation of porous structure of organoclay hydroxide adsorbents in dependence on the rate of deformation of montmorillonite clay mineral cell, on hydroxide component nature, as well as the duration of its precipitation is established. It has been shown that the sorption by synthesized samples increases by 1.7--2.0 times as large with the increase of the duration of hydrogel precipitation and one is defined by size and form of hydroxide particles, their packing type and the inclination to the crystallization.
The physical-chemical principles of synthesis of porous magnetosensitive coal sorbent for guided drug delivery to the center of gastrointestinal tract disease process have been developed.
The typical schemes of self-encapsulation which is connected with local liquefaction of polycrystalline phosphorus salt followed by their solidification were classified. The results obtained allow one to develop new methods of producing modified phosphorus salts with improved physical-chemical properties.
Based on a comparative analysis of taxonomic indications of diatoms, a new phylogenetic scheme of diatomaceous algae of the Centrophyceae class from Cenozoic freshwater pools of Eurasia was suggested. The general rules of the historic evolution and geographic distribution of these taxa in Cenozoic freshwater pools of various regions of the Northern Hemisphere were established, which is topical for the reconstruction of present methodical and theoretical basis for practical application of diatomaceous algae in biostratigraphy and palaeogeography, as well as for elaborating theoretical problems of palaeontology as a whole.
For the first time criteria of identifying crusts of weathering on the platform cover rocks were elaborated for the East European platform west, which is an important theoretical generalization devoted to a theory of crusting and subsequent transformation of elluvial products as a result of the evolution of crusts of weathering.
A complex model of the evolution of the Pripyat River Trough fault system was elaborated. The procedure of buried faults investigation from the study of the sedimentary complex strata deformation was developed. The peculiarities of their evolution were revealed, and their influence upon the platform cover rocks and oil content of local structures were established.
A complex analysis of geophysical and geological data of recent geodynamics of the earth's crust of Belarus was carried out. The relation between long-period variations of the gravity field and deep faults and various crust types (involving the crust thickness) was revealed and can be used for mapping seismic regions and recognition of possible seismic foci.
A complex of investigations concerning contrasting materials for microlithography has been carried out. It has been established that aryl derivatives of nitrone combined with polyvinylpyrrolidone possess high contrasting properties and good compatibility with the industrial photoresists. A technology of the contrasting additive production as well as a photolithography process have been developed to produce microcircuits with an element size up to 0.8 mm and a high steep element profile (more than 88%). The process has been carried out using industrial equipment.
A cluster formulated (CO)8Fe8(m8 - C)(m4 - S)6has been synthesized electrochemically. The X-ray structure analysis data revealed that the cluster molecule can be represented as a cube with eight iron atoms in its tops and a 8-coordinated carbon atom in the centre. An additional reinforcement of the cluster framework is provided by six 4-coordinated sulphur atoms situated above the faces of the cube. The cluster is the first example reported of iron metallocubane and the first one of metallocubane with incorporated carbon atom.
A method for computer modelling of statistic polymer lattice structures has been elaborated. A new parameter useful for description of polymers of all the types has been introduced. The imitation modelling of polystyrene lattice cross linked with m- and p-divinylbenzene has shown an extremely high information capacity of the method.
Source: "Main Results of Fundamental Research.1992--1993". Eds. A.M.Goncharenko and N.N.Kostyukovich. Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 1994
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